الفهرس 
Anatomy of Colon and Rectum
Lymphatic spreadOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Recently, colorectal cancer has been a significant leading cause of death from malignancies worldwide. Conventional open surgery is associated with significant morbidity and long convalescence. Laparoscopic surgery has been widely used as a minimally invasive surgery to treat diverse benign diseases such as benign gall bladder disease. Jacobs et al. first reported the technical feasibility of laparoscopic colectomy in 1991. Since then, laparoscopic surgery has been widely operated for various benign colorectal conditions such as polyps, diverticular disease inflammatory bowel disease, rectal prolapse and now colorectal cancer increasingly. The benefits of laparoscopic surgery in comparison with open surgery have been suggested with respect to decreased morbidity, decreased pain, faster recovery, shorter hospital stay and possibly reduced immunosuppression. Laparoscopic colorectal surgery is technically complex as it involves laparoscopic mobilization of colon over a wide area, intracorporeal division of major vessels, extraction of specimen and a bowel anastomosis. There is a steep learning curve to achieve advanced laparoscopic skills, and specialized equipment is required. The laparoscopic learning curve is known to vary between surgeons, may be influenced by the patient selection and operative complexity, and requires appropriate case-mix adjustment.
Keywords: Laparoscopic colectomy – Open colectomy – Cancer colon