الفهرس 
1. INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
For optimal performance, athletes should aim to be hydrated and adequately fuelled during exercise. Because Dehydration leads to :
•Muscle fatigue and loss of coordination. Even small amounts of water loss may hinder athletic performance.
•In a dehydrated state the body is unable to cool itself efficiently, leading to heat exhaustion and possibly heat stroke.
•Without an adequate supply of water the body will lack energy and muscles may develop cramps.
Sports drinks are designed to provide the right balance of carbohydrate and fluid, to ensure that they are emptied quickly from the stomach and are rapidly absorbed from the small intestine. When used according to sports nutrition guidelines, sports drinks can have performance benefits.
The aim of the work was:
•To find the impact of some sporting drinks on biomarkers by using several kinds of drinks on young athlete.
•To use fresh fruits to make sport drink.
•Compare between natural drink and artificial drink
The study was carried out as follows:
This study was undertaken on a random sample (27) athlete from Sheikh Zayed youth center at 6 October region in Cairo.
The study continued for 6 months. For each Athlete , data related to many parameters were collected during the study before and after drink sports drinks for a period of two months , three types of drinks were used ( water - natural drink - artificial drink ) about 2 cup for each half av hour of training.
These parameters included:
Food intake (24-hour food intake for three days).
Anthropometric measurements: body weights and heights.
Body composition: Body fat % - Body water % - Muscle mass % - Bone mass Kg.
Biochemical Assessment: RBCS - hemoglobin – sodium in serum – potassium in serum.
Vital signs: systolic blood pressure – diastolic blood pressure - Heart rate - Body temperature
Performance measurements for athletes: Abdominal crunches - Push-ups - Running in place.
Statistical Analysis
Juice preparation
A. Mixture of juice from fresh fruits (pomegranate and peaches, oranges and mandarins) in different ratio to prepare the juice suit athletes.
B. And used a sports drink of available products in the local market.
The results of the study can be summarized as follows:
1. Anthropometric measurements showed that there was a high significant difference between the water and natural drink groups and athletes height before and after intervention, meanwhile there was a high significant difference between the artificial drink group and athletes weight before and after intervention.
2. For body composition, Bones (Kg) was significant difference at natural drink group. But for fat percentage, water percentage and Muscle percentage there were no significant difference with sports drink groups.
3. Our results revealed that there was a high significant difference ( p≤ 0.001)between weight changes before and after exercise and ( before and after intervention) and drinks type.
4. There was a significant differences between red blood count (RBC) before and after intervention and sports drinks groups, and a highly significant difference between Haemoglobin (Hb) before and after intervention at natural drink group, while there was no significant differences between haemoglobin before and after intervention at water and artificial drink groups.
5. Data indicated that there was a very high significant difference between serum sodium (Na) before and after intervention and all
drinks groups. And Serum potassium (K) before and after intervention have significant differences with sports drinks groups.
6. There was a significant difference between diastolic blood pressure before and after intervention at natural drink group but there were no significant differences with the water drink group and artificial drink
group, but systolic blood pressure was with high significant before and after intervention at artificial drink group meanwhile there were no significant differences between before and after intervention for the water drink and natural drink group.
7. There were no significant differences between heart rate before and after intervention or body temperature with sports drinks groups.
8. Results confined for performance tests before and after intervention that there was a high significant difference between each drinks type and abdominal exercise, push up and run.
9. Food intake:
1. Data showed the protein energy ratio for the natural and artificial drink groups were closer 14.1 ± 0.9% and 14.2 ± 1.2% respectively and water drink group was 16.9 ± 1.3%. The lowest carbohydrate energy ratio was 47.8 ± 4.1 % for water drink group whereas the highest was 54.4 ± 4.0 % at natural drink group. The lowest fat energy ratio was 31.5 ± 1.8 % at the natural drink group whereas the highest ratio was 37.6 ± 3.8% at artificial drink group.
2. Results indicated that the lowest fiber intake was at water drinks group with mean value ± SD (5.1 ± 0.3 g/d) whereas the highest intake was at the natural drink group with mean value ± SD ( 7.2 ± 0.6 g/d).
3. Data confined that the lowest consumed vitamin C was at artificial drink group with mean value ± SD ( 35.2±3.1mg ) whereas the highest consumed vitamin C was at the natural drink group with mean value ± SD (50.3 ± 2.5 mg).
4. The lowest consumed vitamin B1 was at the water drink group with mean value ± SD ( 0.77±0.05 mg ) , while the highest intake was at the natural drink group with mean value ± SD ( 1.08 ± 0.12 mg ) .
5. The lowest consumed vitamin B2 was at the natural drink group with mean value ± SD ( 0.89 ± 0.04 mg ) and the highest intake was at the natural drink group with mean value ± SD ( 1.09 ± 0.07 mg ).
6. The lowest consumed vitamin A was at artificial drink group with mean value ± SD ( 301.9 ± 16.4 μg ) while the highest was at the natural drink group with mean value ± SD (482.9 ± 27.6 μg ).
7. The lowest value for average daily amounts of consumed vitamin D was at artificial drink group with mean value ± SD ( 14.1 ± 0.5 μg) and the highest value was at the natural drink group with mean value ± SD ( 14.7 ± 0.6 μg ) .
8. Our results revealed that the lowest iron intake was at water drinks group and at artificial drink group with mean value ± SD (13.1 ± 0.6 mg) and (13.7 ± 0.6 mg) respectively whereas the highest was at the natural drink group with mean value ± SD (16.5 ± 1.2 mg) .
9. The lowest zinc intake was at water drinks group and at artificial drink group with mean value ± SD ( 10.3 ± 0.8 mg ) and ( 10.7 ± 0.6 mg ) respectively. whereas the highest was at the natural drink group with mean value ± SD (11.0 ± 0.7 mg).
10. Calcium Lowest intake was at water drink group with mean value ± SD ( 537.1 ± 22.6 mg) whereas the highest intake was at artificial drink group with mean value ± SD ( 830.9 ± 48.3 mg).
11. Phosphorus lowest intake was at the natural drink group with mean value ± SD ( 1036.0 ± 107.5 mg). and the highest was at artificial drink group with mean value ± SD (1166.7 ± 95.3 mg).
12. Magnesium lowest intake was at water drinks group with mean value ± SD (161.7 ± 13.3 mg) whereas the highest intake was at the natural drink group with mean value ± SD ( 199.9 ± 10.6 mg).
13. Sodium lowest intake was at the natural drink group with mean value ± SD (1594.6 ± 104.6 mg). whereas the highest intake was at artificial drink group with mean value ± SD ( 3359.3 ± 225.5 mg).
14. The lowest potassium intake was at artificial drink group with mean value ± SD ( 2040.3 ± 113.0 mg) whereas the highest was at the natural drink group with mean value ± SD ( 2560.6 ± 158.1 mg).
15. The lowest selenium intake was at artificial drink group with mean value ± SD (10.3 ± 0.4 mg) whereas the highest intake was at the natural drink group with mean value ± SD (16.1 ± 1.5 mg).
16. Results showed that the majority of studied athletes (25.9 %, 18.5% ,18.5% ) from the water drink , natural drink and artificial drink groups respectively which represented 63% of the total sample consumed >120% from %RDA of protein.
17. Results indicated that 18.5 % and 18.5% from water and natural drinks group respectively take more than 15 % of their energy from protein meanwhile 22.2% from artificial drink group take from 10% to less than 15 % of their energy from protein. 18. Data indicated that 33.3 % , 18.5 % and 22.2% which represent 74.1 % of the total sample take less than 55 % of their energy from carbohydrate.
19. Results showed that 22.2% from each drinks groups which represent 66.7 % of total sample take 30 % or more of their energy from fat.
20. Data indicated that 14.8 % of the studied sample consumed < 50 % of their RDA from energy , about third of the studied sample (29.6 %) consumed 50 ≤ 75 % from %RDA of energy. from that about 44.4 % of the studied sample consumed inadequate amount of energy while ( 29.6 ) of them consumed 75 ≤ 100 % from %RDA .
21. Results indicated that all the athletes take < 50% from RDA from fiber.100 % of the studied sample consumed less than 50 % from their RDA of fiber
22. Results confined that, For vitamin A, the majority 44.4 % consumed unsafe level less than 50 % from their RDA , 22.2 % and 14.8% of the water drink group and of the natural drink group respectively while 11.1 % consumed unacceptable level of artificial drink group consumed 50 ≤ 75 % and 75 ≤ 100 % from their RDA.
23. Data showed that, For vitamin C, the majority ( more than half of the study sample 51.9 %) consumed >120 % from their. but only (11.1 %) of the water drink group consumed unacceptable level 50 ≤ 75 % from their RDA.
24. Results confined that ,Consumption of vitamin B1were 14.8% of water drink group and about quarter the all sample intake unsafe less than 50 % from their RDA and 14.8 % of natural drink consumed
unacceptable level 50 ≤ 75 % from their RDA while only 11.1 % of artificial drink group consumed 75 ≤ 100 % from their RDA.
25. The result showed that for vitamin B2 11.1 % of water drink group was consumption intake unsafe less than 50 % and 75 ≤ 100 % from their RDA , 18.5 % and 14.8 % consumption unacceptable level 50 ≤ 75 % from their RDA of the natural drink group and artificial drink group respectively.
26. Results indicated that consumption of vitamin D 14.8% of water drink group was consumption intake unsafe less than 50 % and 7.4 % was consumption intake over consumption >120 % from their RDA , 25.9 % was consumption intake unsafe less than 50 % and only 18.5 % consumption unacceptable level 50 ≤ 75 % from their RDA.