الفهرس 
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Abstract
Hip fractures are major problem for elderly people nowadays. The shape of the proximal femur is known to be an important risk factor for hip fracture. Also the treatment of those fractures uses implants which are based on the proximal femur measurements.The aim of this work was to study the measurements of the proximal femur in living Egyptian individuals in relation to age, sex, side, height and length of the femoral shaft by using radiography and also to study the same measuremrnts in adult dried femora in relation to sex, side, length of the femoral shaft. Materials and methods: This study was carried out on two hundred and fifty living Egyptian human individuals who where divided into five age groups; 1st group from 1 year up to < 6 years, 2nd group from 6 years up to <12 years, 3rd group from 12 years up to < 20 years, 4th group from 20 years up to < 40 years, 5th group from 40 years to 60 years. They were subjected to pelvic radiographs which were obtained using standardized protocol: in 15-30 degrees of internal rotation of the hips for the previously mentioned individuals in the supine position with a film focused at distance of 100 cm and the beam centered on the symphysis pubis. A transparent film with one longitudinal & several perpendicular lines was placed over the hip radiograph and on the femoral head to facilitate accuracy and consistency of the measurements. The following parameters were obtained; the Hip axis length (HAL), femoral neck axis length (FNAL), femoral head width (FHW), femoral neck width (FNW), intertrochanteric width (ITW), cevicodiaphyseal angle (Q angle), femoral offset and length of femoral neck (LFN). As regards the one hundred dried human femora used in this study, a sagittal section of their proximal parts was done then photographed using portable diagnostic model FNX 200, with Kodak-branded film measuring 30x40cm. The images was obtained with a distance of the bulb chassis of 100 cm, using a power of 75kV and 10mA. We used the anterior- posterior incidence with the femur in internal rotation, placing the lesser trochanter in contact with the chassis. The radiographs was scanned and transferred to the PC. The following parameters were obtained; the femoral neck axis length (FNAL), femoral head width (FHW), femoral neck width (FNW), intertrochanteric width (ITW), cevicodiaphyseal angle (Q angle), femoral offset and length of femoral neck (LFN). Results: Regarding the radiological cases, we found that the maximum increase of the linear femoral measurements occurs between the third (12-20 years) and the fourth age group (20-40 years). however the cervicodiaphyseal angle showed a maximum decrease between the first (<6 years) and second (12-20 years) age groups. Also, this study showed strong positive correlations between age and HAL, FNAL, FHW, FNW, ITW and Q angle. The measurements obtained in this study presented some variations in comparison with previous studies. This study showed significant differences in measurements as regards sex and side. Conclusion: from this study, we conclude that the maximum increase of the proximal femoral measurements occured between the age of 12-40 years. while the cervicodiaphyseal angle (Q angle) showed a maximum decrease between the age of 1-20 years. Recommendation: We recommended that the results of this study should be correlated with the risk factors of hip fractures.