الفهرس 
Cover Page Title in EnglishOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study was carried out on 13 apparently healthy, heavily loaded and adult donkeys and were randomly chosen for the study. All animals were euthanized, limbs were disarticulated at the level of the elbow joint in case of carpal joints and at the level of the stifle joint in case of tarsal joints and then used for radiographic and C.T imaging.
The radiographic views used in the study were; Dorsopalmar or Dorsoplantar, lateromedial and dorsolateral palmaromedial oblique or dorsolateral plantaromedial oblique. The C.T planes used were; Transverse, dorsal, sagittal and three dimensional planes. Also bone window and soft tissue window were used.
According to the radiographs and C.T scans interpretation, joint were divided into two groups:
group A:
Normal carpal and tarsal joints that proved normal in both radiographs and C.T scans and these were used for the radiographic and computed tomographic anatomical studies in conjugation with cross section anatomical slices as a guide for C.T images
group B:
The diseased joint that had a C.T or/and radiographic evidence for lesions and this group is subdivided into:
Subgroup 1:
Joints with lesions apparent in C.T scans only and not detected with x-ray and they included; small sized bone cysts in carpal joints and Occult cyst in tarsal joints, Old hematomas, osteochondrosis dissicans, old small & incomplete fractures, small & flat osteophytes, 3rd carpal bone sclerosis and calcification of the intercarpal ligaments.
Subgroup 2:
Joints with lesions detected with both radiographs and C.T scans and they included; large sized bone cyst, slab fracture and degenerative joint disease (DJD) of the tarsal joint.
The normal variants also were shown in this study not to be confused with lesions and they included; the normal protrusion at the dorsal surface of the 3rd carpal bone and lateral surface of the accessory carpal bone, tension side at the palmar aspect of trochlea radii, 1st carpal bone, line of fusion between radius and ulna and the incomplete ossification of fusion line of the tuber calcanei in the 12 month old donkey.
In addition, technical results concerning the spatial and contrast resolution of both digital radiography and C.T were assessed to be a guide for technicians, researchers and surgeons.
The 0.2mm C.T scans Using 120 Kv and 112 mAs proved superior spatial and contrast resolutions over the 0.1 mm C.T scans that required 110 Kv and 50 mAs. The bony structures of the joints through the bone window scanning and soft tissues through the soft tissue window scanning were much well defined in 0.2 mm scans than in 0.1 mm scans. In addition, the spatial resolution of C.T was better than that of digital radiography. Also a combination of transverse, dorsal and sagittal scans may be helpful to detect the site and the approximate size of the lesion. In the other hand, the C.T examination is a costing and time consuming modality compared with digital radiography.
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