الفهرس 
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Abstract
ARMs are frequently encountered problem in pediatric surgery and have been source of concern for centuries and can involve malformation of the distal anus and rectum, as well as the urinary and genital tracts.
ARMS present an incidence rate ranging from 1:2000 to 1:5000 live births and have variable clinical presentations ranging from mild forms that might require minor surgical procedure to more complicated cases that need to be managed with multi stage operations.
ARMs are associated with a wide spectrum of other congenital abnormalities, with involvement of the genitourinary, spinal, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, craniofacial and other systems.
There have been several classifications which have been introduced through decades until 2005; a new international diagnostic classification system was introduced by the Krickenbeck Conference on ARM in an attempt to design a standardized system for comparison of follow-up. This system incorporates an anatomic description of the ARM, type of surgical procedure done, and postoperative assessment of bowel movements, constipation and soiling.
Management of these anomalies had been evoluted over years. In trials to obtain good results, not only anatomical but also from functional point of view. The classic surgical approach consists of an early divergent stoma, later a surgical correction and finally closure of the stoma. The classic surgical treatment of intermediate and high ARM wan an abdominoperineal pull through technique. Later Peña and colleagues introduced posterior sagital anorectoplasty (PSARP).