الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study contained an in vitro remineralization study of 144 partially demineralized dentin surfaces .The proximal dentin surfaces of the specimens received portland cement ( group 1 ) , or calcium hydroxide ( group 2) , or the dentin surfaces of the specimens acted as negative control and did not receive Portland cement or calcium hydroxide (group3) . The teeth were aged in phosphate containing fluid (subgroup 1), phosphate containing fluid plus polyacrylic acid (subgroup 2), phosphate containing fluid plus polyvinyl phosphonic acid (subgroup 3) and phosphate containing fluid containing the dual biomimetic analogs ( subgroub 4) for periods of one month and three months,then specimens restored with a universal composite using two self etch adhesive systems. and the remineralization was evaluated at dentin according to SEM and EDX results .The results indicating a progressive increase in remineralization through out the aging periods. Ca(OH)2 group has shown the best remineralization , also, portland cement group resulted in a more remineralization relative to the control group. Furthermore, aging in PCF+PVPA had the greatest increase in remineralization followed by PCF+VPA+PAA then PCF while aging in PCF+PAA had the least effect on remineralization . The shear bond strength of control group is significantly higher than other two groups. Significant difference was recorded only for PCF+PVPA+PAA remineralizing solution . Significant difference was found between one month and three months aging period . No significant difference was found between two adhesive types .
No significant difference between any of the groups and adhesive types.Shear bond strength of all the groups significantly decreased after three months. Shear bond strength of all the remineralizing solutions except PCF+ PVPA significantly decreased after three months. Only shear bond strength of PCF solution has significant difference between two adhesives. Shear bond strength of both adhesives significantly decreased after three months.
Within the limitations of this study the following could be concluded:
1. The bioavailability of calcium and phosphate ions is a basic requirement for apatite formation in presence of a phosphate-containing solution. This method could be a potential alternative treatment strategy to remineralize superficially demineralized dentinal lesions.
2. Phosphorylation of collagen fibers and Ca(OH)2 treatment could be a potential alternative treatment strategy to remineralize superficially demineralized dentinal lesions.
3. Increasing the aging period up to three months is highly influencing factor for the quality of dentin remineralization.
4. Remineralization affects shear bond strength of remineralized dentin and the morphological patterns of dentin might be more relevant than its mineral content in determining the composite resin bond strength.
Within the limitations of this study, it could be recommended:
1. These results provide new insights into basic mechanisms of collagen mineralization, and can lead to the development of a clinically-applicable delivery system by incorporating both biomimetic analogs (i.e. PVPA and PAA) into the steps involved in the application of the adhesives and filling materials.
2. Gels or pastes should be involved in coming research that will be required for clinical application of this technology.
3. The use of this technology could be of benefit when applied to smart materials.
4. Further analysis of bonding to carious dentin should focus mainly on the physical and chemical changes of this substrate, caused by the demineralizing and remineralizing processes.
5. The influence of this technique of remineralization on mechanical properties of substrates as hardness values should be tested in further research.