الفهرس 
ANATOMY OF THE CORNEAOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Microbes develop resistance to antibiotics as a result of chromosomal mutation, inductive expression of latent chromosomal genes, or exchange of genetic material via transformation, bacteriophage transduction, or plasmid conjugation. Some microbial keratitis resistant to the newest antibiotics have been recently described.
A considerable amount of research is directed toward developing newer antibiotics or defining alternative methods of treatment. Corneal degradation and melting occurs when specific proteinases are upregulated after corneal damage. These matrix metalloproteinases are synthesized either in the keratocytes (matrix metalloproteinase 2) or by corneal epithelial cells (matrix metalloproteinase 9) and are also responsible for delayed epithelial wound healing.
Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) is a novel technique used for the treatment of keratoconus (KC) and postoperative ectasia using ultraviolet-A (UV-A) and riboflavin to increase the biomechanical strength of the cornea thus giving it possibilities to block the progression of KC.