الفهرس 
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Abstract
The colonization by some of the microorganisms in pregnant women is a significant risk factor of development of congenital infection in newborns what could increase the risk of infants’ morbidity and mortality. The group B of Streptococci (GBS) is the family of commensal germs, which resides in lower part of intestinal and urogenital tract in up to 40% of women all over the world and 3.3-25.8% in Polish population of pregnant women. The relatively high incidence of GBS carriers among pregnant women is the major problem in eradication of bacteria. group B of Streptococci includes Streptococcus agalactiae as the most important species. The maternal colonization of GBS shows no clinical signs but could constitute a significant factor of intrauterine infection. Bacteria colonize up to 50% of newborns from GBS-positive mothers.
Numerous studies report the prevalence of GBS colonization in pregnant women living in high-income regions. Approximately 10-30% of pregnant women are colonized with GBS in industrialized countries.
GBS disease is caused mainly by serotypes I, II and III. Serotype III is the most prevalent serotype in asymptomatic carriers. The gastrointestinal tract is the human reservoir of GBS. Women may carry GBS temporary, intermittent or persistent. The lower gastrointestinal tract and vagina are often colonized with GBS.
GBS can cause significant morbidity in pregnant women. Manifestations of symptomatic maternal infection include chorioamnionitis, endometritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis and febrile GBS bacteraemia. Caesarian delivery appears to be a prominent risk factor for postpartum endomyometritis.
The first approach involved universal screening for GBS colonization of all pregnant women between 35 and 37 wk gestation using vaginal and rectal cultures to detect GBS colonization. Properly obtained and processed antenatal cultures correctly identified most women colonized at the time of labour. Intrapartum antibiotics are administered to all those with a positive GBS culture regardless of risk factors. The risk-based approach involved administration of antibiotics based solely on the presence of antenatal or intrapartum risk factors.
Several clinical trials have demonstrated that use of intravenous antibiotics during the intrapartum period is highly effective at preventing early-onset neonatal GBS infections. Use of intrapartum prophylaxis has also been shown to be cost-effective in the United States.
This prospective cross sectional clinical trial study was held in Obstetrics outpatient clinic, Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital to Measure the prevalence of GBS colonization and Compare between the efficacy of Ampicillin and Clindamycin on the treatment in ladies with viable pregnancy (after 35 weeks’ gestation).