الفهرس 
Introduction
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Abstract
Stroke is a major leading cause of death and long-term disability . Aging is the principal non-modifiable risk factor for this disease. It can affect people physically, mentally, emotionally, or a combination of the three. Motor dysfunction often involves hemiparesis or hemiplegia Sometimes the weakness or paralysis affect both sides of the body (quadriparesis or quadriplegia. Painful post stroke shoulder occurs as a result of motor function impairment. Onset may in some cases be early within the first two weeks and it was found as a predictor of poor functional recovery and longer hospital stay. Depression and anxiety are among the common squeals after stroke. It was reported that they affect one third of stroke survivors . Stroke survivors suffer several residual effects after stroke and need advanced nursing care in order to improve their condition. Slow-stroke back massage (SSBM) a cost effective, simple , soothing and enjoyable experiences and one of the creative non- pharmacological nursing interventions which can be useful for post stroke geriatric patients and can decrease post stroke shoulder pain and assist them in optimizing independence and overall functional ability, which consequently improving their psychosocial status and QOL.
Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of slow stroke back massage on motor function, shoulder pain, depression and anxiety among post stroke geriatric patients.
This study hypothesized that post stroke geriatric patients who receive slow stroke back massage exhibit higher motor function, lower shoulder pain intensity and lower levels of depression and anxiety than before receiving it.
Study design:
The study followed a pre experimental research design (pre-post test one study group.
Setting: The study was conducted at the neurological and psychiatric department at the El-Hadara university hospital, Alexandria, Egypt .
Subjects: The study included a convenient sample of 50 post stroke male geriatric patients, aged 60 years and above, had mild to moderate shoulder pain, free from severe cognitive impairment, not critically ill, and free from pressure ulcer.