الفهرس 
Introduction And Aim Of The WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Head injury is any trauma that leads to injury of the scalp, skull, or brain. Open head injury occurs when an object such as a bullet, backed by strong force, including fractures of the skull and damages brain tissue or the surrounding membranes. Closed head injury is any injury to the head that does not penetrate the skull and is usually caused by blows or blunt trauma to the head. Statistics done for evaluating accidents showed that more than 30% of all vehicular traumas are related to head injuries (Allsop&Kennett,2002).
Head injury is a common condition with a high morbidity and mortality. Serious intracranial haematomas require early recognition and evacuation to maximize chances of independent outcomes. Recent organisational changes have promoted the development of trauma units and major trauma centers where patients can go through triage and be managed in an appropriate environment, and development of the management pathways in intensive treatment units has been resulted in improvements of the traumatic brain injuries outcome. Evidence for the treatment of cerebral perfusion pressure, hyperventilation, osmotherapy, tracheostomy, and leakage of cerebrospinal fluid has accumulated during the last decade and is important in the management of patients in all clinical settings (Tsang&Whitfield,2012).
The study including a total of 206 patient with criminal head injury from Minia governorate and Kasr Eleiny hospitals, was conducted in Minia Department of Forensic Medicine, institute of Forensic Sciences. 176 cases were resident at Minia governorate and 30 cases were resident in different governorate of Egypt. Age of cases was ranged from 11 to 80 years old, cases from both sex were included.
All living cases were admitted at Minia governorate central hospitals or the Minia University hospital and Kasr Eleiny hospital. Dead cases were autopsied in the same hospitals in Minia governorate, the study was carried out all over the period of three years from January 2012 to December 2014.
The study tried to highlight the role of skull fractures as an indirect indicator of force of impact and the intra cranial hemorrhage by a comparative study of assault victims with fatal and non fatal head injuries and tried analyze the benefits of primary reconstruction of the depressed fracture of skull.
The skull was examined for the presence of any type of fractures at any site, frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital and multiple fractures including skull base. The brain was examined for the presence of contusions, laceration and hemorrhage. Brain injuries included lacerations, hemorrhage in any site (internal, subdural, epidural, brainstem, etc.). This was done by autopsy of the dead cases and examination of the living cases and viewing of the medical reports.