الفهرس 
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is considered as one of the most controversial bacteria in the world causing diverse gastrointestinal diseases in humans. The transmission way of this bacterium still remains obscure. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the roleof ruminants in transmission of this pathogen, as well as occurrence of H.pyloriinfection in humans and its associated risk factors. Out of 281 ruminants fecal samples (166 sheep, 46 goats and 34 cattle and 35 buffaloes)analysed, 34 (12.1%) were positive for Helicobacter species by PCR, through amplification of 16srRNA.H.pylori not detected inall positive samples examined for detection of cagA and glmMgenes by second PCR. DNA sequencing analysis of positive samples evidenced non-H.pylori species. Among these species H.canis, H.winghamensis,H.canadensisandH.equorum were identified in sheep. Meanwhile, H.canis and H.bovis were reported in goats and cattle respectively. Additionally, 16 stool specimens were collected from individuals contact with animalsand analysed by PCR sequencing, whereasH.canis was detected in 8.2% of animals and in 43.8% of humans.Moreover, 50 abomasal tissues were collected from both 30 sheep and 20 cattle that slaughtered in El-basateen abattoir in Cairo and evidenced H.bovissequencing insheep and cattle.Among the studied risk factors for H. pylori infection, the overall occurrence of H. pyloriIgG in human blood samples using ELISA technique was 41.6 % in symptomatic persons, meanwhile it was 30.3% in 10 asymptomatic persons.The highestantibodies positivity was detected in farmers.
The results of this study demonstrate that there is a correlation between H. pylori infection and age, gender, and occupation of humans. Phylogenetic analysis of H.canis that detected in goat, sheep and humans showed similarity with ATCC reference strain of H.canis. Our findings highlight sheep as a potential reservoir for non H. pylori species especially H.canis, further researches are needed to address the potential role of these animals in transmission of such emerging pathogen.