الفهرس 
Pathophysiological Background of ObesityOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: Obesity is a condition characterized by an excess of body fat and originates from an impaired energy balance. Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/ or more. Morbid obesity is defined as a BMI of 40kg/ or more or 35kg/ or more in the presence of comorbidities. The incidence of morbid obesity has tripled over the past three decades throughout the world.
Aim of the Work: The aim of this review is to discuss the application of regional anesthetic techniques to bariatric surgery and evaluate their impact on patient management.
Mythology: The incidence of morbid obesity has tripled over the past three decades throughout the world. The WHO estimates that as of 2005, 1.6 billion people were overweight (defined as BMI 25–30 kg/m2) and 400 million obese (BMI>30 kg/m2.
Regional anesthetic techniques have been clearly linked to better pain relief and early discharge in patients with morbid obesity. These techniques can be either used to provide surgical anesthesia or aid in postoperative opioid-free analgesia. The techniques can be divided into central neuraxial blocks and peripheral nerve blocks.
Conclusion: Because it may avoid some of the effects of general anesthesia as the patient remains awake and can protect the airway, regional anesthesia has some attractions in the morbidly obese patients. Moreover, complete relaxation of the abdominal musculature is provided which otherwise may be accomplished only with deep general anesthesia or high dosages of neuromuscular blocks. Metabolism of the anaesthetic agents is not a concern. Postoperative pain relieve can be provided avoiding the respiratory depressant effects of systemic narcotics.