الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The skin is the outer covering of the body. Because it interfaces with the environment, skin plays a key immunity role in protecting the body against pathogens.
Wound healing is an intricate process where the skin or other body tissue repairs itself after injury. The risk of wound infection increases as local conditions favor bacterial invasion and growth.
Honey is an excellent adjuvant for acceleration of wound healing as its antibacterial activity has the potential to be an effective treatment option for wounds infected or at risk of infection with various human pathogens.
This study aimed at the determination whether topical application of honey on cutaneous wounds at different time points from injury has a beneficial effect on the healing process in full thickness skin incisional wounds in albino rat by using histological and immunohistochemical methods.
In this study, sixty three male albino rats were used. Rats were divided randomly into three groups; each group included 21 rats. In group I, animals were sacrified one day after the incision. In group II, animals were sacrified three days after the incision. In group III, animals were sacrified seven days after the incision. All groups were subdivided into three subgroups; each subgroup included 7 animals. A: dressed with topical application of isotonic saline. B: dressed immediately with topical application of honey after the incision. C: dressed with topical application of honey two hours after the incision.
The skin samples were taken out, rapidly fixed and processed for light microscopic, immunohistochemical and morphometrical studies.
The results of the current study revealed that:
In hematoxylin and eosin stained sections : There was more acceleration of all events of wound healing including inflammatory cellular infiltration, re-epithilization, granulation tissue formation and collagen deposition in honey treated wounds. These events were more accelerated with immediate honey application to the wound than its late application 2 hours after the incision.
In masson trichrome stained sections : They showed the appearance of collagen fibers in the granulation tissue that filling the defect which occurred earlier in the subgroup (b) which exposed to honey immediately than the two other subgroups.
Immunohistochemical studies using Ki 67: There was increase in the Ki67 immunopositive cells which reached its maximum in the subgroup (b) by the first day. While it reached its maximum in the subgroup (a) by the third day. In the sub group (c); the positive cells increased faster than the sub group (a) and slower than the subgroup (b).
Immunohistochemical studies using TGF-β1: There was acceleration in the extra cellular matrix formation with immediate application of honey by day one which was faster than extra cellular matrix formation in the other two subgroups.
Conclusion:
This study suggested that application of honey enhanced the process of healing in the subgroups (b) and (c) compared to the subgroup (a) by accelerating the inflammatory process, the formation of granulation tissue, creeping of epidermal cells, and collagen deposition. But the onset of honey application had different effects as the earlier the application of honey, the more the enhancement of healing process.