الفهرس 
Chapter (I): The Art in Ancient Egypt
First: Ancient Egyptian artOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The reason behind the use of bright colors in Ancient Egypt in inscriptions, and depictions was the presence of some of the inscriptions that were sometimes unclear in the normal light reflected from the doors. Therefore, the color was used to make the dye appear shiny. Hence, the importance of the use of colors came into focus.
To achieve that the Ancient Egyptian artist used different materials to stabilize colors like ink or colored paint that was placed by melting the powder dye in water and then the stabilizer was added. This mixture was left to dry to be formed in the shape of tablets. These color stabilizing materials were added to the plant gum dissolved in water and then added to the color or ink or paint to keep the color as long as possible. Also the Ancient Egyptian artist used the medium of which the color was composed, namely the water and not the oil in addition to wax, glue, egg white that will be dealt with.
The Ancient Egyptians succeeded in using many materials for painting like wood, stone, whitewash, papyrus, pottery, and sackcloth. The Nile was the source of silt which needed to make brick everywhere and the desert of Egypt was a place which was full of metals, precious gems, semi-precious gems, sand, basalt and granite with its various colors (red, gray and black) as well as marble. Hence, they used these materials and extracted them. The oldest of these materials used by the artist was the whitewash with its various types including mud, gypsum and chalk.
Drawing art is defined as the oldest art and the true beginning of many arts. It represents a preparatory work for other arts such as sculpture and architecture. It is a unique art whose rules agree with the art of engraving because when the artist prepares for sculpture works, he begins with drawing lines before commencing such a work, and there were reasons that shed light upon the art of drawing stages in ancient Egypt, these are the unaccomplished tombs like in Saqqara and Thebes which are not complemented by the ancient Egyptian artist because of the negligence in ending tomb’s coloring or the sudden death of its owner, and the Ostraka, which many primitive depictions were found upon them, whether these pieces were of pottery or stone, for young artists or new schools of drawing.
In addition to the use of color, the Ancient Egyptian tended to decorate all his surroundings and properties that led him to use dyes in coloring his properties. In addition to painting and inscribing on walls not only in the afterlife tombs, but also the houses where he lived to reflect his daily life and the natural phenomena he was exposed to. This opened new vistas before him to express his powers and show his personality through presenting those artistic works, and he knew the most important plants from which dyes were extracted like acacia, pomegranate, indigo, safflower and henna.
For the same reasons that have been mentioned previously, that made the ancient Egyptian artist think of making a color or dye was also the Greek roman and Coptic artist, as both of them wanted to decorate the place around him and keep on what he painted.
Here from this point the Copts found that the wall paintings were vulnerable to destruction when the walls of the buildings crush. Therefore, they were thinking of a more permanent way to enable them to move these paintings. This gave rise to the art of the icon paintings, which was intended to make wooden boards containing colorful portraits to be hanged on the walls or wooden barriers in churches and monasteries.
Although there are many reasons to eliminate the existence of an art of this value, Egypt was far away from these events to some extent, with the exception of one negative factor, i.e., the Muslim rulers in Egypt who ordered removing icons from churches and prevented the use of paintings and statues. Therefore, what were left intact were those in remote areas such as the collection of the Monastery of St. Catherine in the Egyptian desert.
These areas preserved us a wonderful models, the Coptic artist was able to prove through his technical skills and abilities that were marked by clear artistic characteristics as what was mentioned previously.
As a result, much interest was paid to these religious sites to preserve the walls of these monasteries and churches with their depictions and great murals. Some examples of these places were the churches stretching alongside the western bank of the Nile in Baweit. These were full of wonderful plaster depictions. Though many of them were ruined, the rest are still valuable works of art. Moreover, there are many other depictions on wooden panels with colors dissolving into glue. These combine the simplicity of quality and raw material used in drawing alongside the distinct technique.
In addition to the achievements of the Coptic artist in the art of icons and Fayoum Portraits, he succeeded in drawing on the walls and immortalizes wonderful artistic works like Al-Bagawat cemetery is one of the most important areas in Egypt which maintains a large amount of the christian religious scenes using frescoes.