الفهرس 
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma represents the third cause of cancer death and the fifth most common cancer worldwide. It is the commonest primary malignant tumor of the liver.
The incidence of HCC depends on distribution of HBV and HCV infections. There was strong evidence that HBV was the major cause of HCC in Egypt, but more recently HCV has become the predominant factor.
p53 is tumor suppressor gene that plays a central role in protecting the integrity of the human genome. Its wild-type protein is responsible for cell-cycle regulation and apoptosis after DNA damage.
β-catenin is a proto-oncogene. It is a dual function protein, regulating the coordination of cell–cell adhesion and gene transcription.
The present study comprised 51 tissue specimens of hepatocellular carcinoma which were chosen from the archive of Pathology Departement, Minia University Hospital in the period between 2009 to 2014. Eleven cases were obtained by tru-cut biopsy and 40 cases were obtained by lobectomy.
High p53 expression was detected in 54.9% of cases. p53 expression showed statistically significant correlation with tumor grade (p= 0.001) and tumor necrosis (p= 0.020).
High cytoplasmic β-catenin expression was detected in 62.7% of cases while high membranous β-catenin expression was detected in 51% of cases. A statistically significant correlation was found between cytoplasmic β-catenin expression and hepatitis (p= 0.024), tumor size (p= 0.046) and tumor grade (p= 0.025).
Cases negative for cytoplasmic or membranous β-catenin expression were 23.5%, cases positive for cytoplasmic expression alone or membranous expression alone were 39.2% while cases positive for both cytoplasmic and membranous expression were 37.3%. Combined expression of β-catenin showed statistically significant correlation with tumor size (p= 0.029) and tumor grade (p= 0.046).
Statistically significant positive associations were found between expression of p53 and cytoplasmic expression of β-catenin (p=0.006) but no statistically significant correlation was found between p53 and membranous expression of β-catenin. Also no statistically significant correlation was found between p53 and combined expression of β-catenin.