الفهرس 
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Abstract
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune disease marked by widespread attack of inflammation in the brain and spinal cord. ADEM typically damages myelin, causing destruction of white matter. It is often triggered following a viral infection or vaccination. Its symptoms are similar to multiple sclerosis (MS) and is considered part of the multiple sclerosis borderline diseases.
This is an observational prospective study done in Sohag university hospital in period between 31th of December 2014 to 30th of December 2014 on children from birth to 18 years old who diagnosed as having definite ADEM by neuroradiological study of the brain (MRI brain) presented to the Neuropediatric outpatients clinic or inpatients of Pediatric Department during the period of the study. Those with history suggestive of definite perinatal asphyxia or with other congenital malformation of neurological system were excluded from the study.
We performed a clinical analysis and reviewing the data of 18 children having ADEM, with special consideration for the clinical presentation and outcome of the patients.
We found that the most common clinical features of ADEM in our community are fever, DCL, motor system weakness and convulsions, and the most valuable tool in diagnosis is brain MRI. These findings are very important in the diagnosis, management and counseling of patients with ADEM.
Based on this study, we recommended informing pediatricians to raise their clinical suspicion to ADEM in children presented by picture of acute encephalopathy and that MRI brain must be done then.
ADEM is an area of active research especially in the field of imaging and there is a rapid development. In future we may have better diagnostic and therapeutic options for ADEM.