الفهرس 
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Abstract
This work was done in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University.
The aim of this work was to investigate the toxicological activity of the electronic cigarettes on the reproductive systems on male and female rats as a result of a chronic smoke exposure study.
A total of 60 adult albino rats{30 female and 30 male} aged four weeks, weighing about (200±5gm), were employed for a chronic cigarette smoke exposure study. Usually over a three-month period.
These rats will divided into 3 main groups which will subdivided into two equal subgroup for male and female respectively . First group was the control group, second group exposed to smoke of electronic cigarette ,third group exposed to smoke of conventional cigarette.
The exposure regimen of the inhalation toxicity study was 6 hours per day, 7 days per week, for 90 days. The smoke from the tobacco cigarettes (Cleopatra) and e-cigarettes was delivered to rats in a special exposure boxes made of glass . The smoke stream was allowed via glass tubing to the exposure chamber by the aid of a manual pump once each minute under conditions of 2 second puff duration, 50ml puff volume, 30 second exposure interval followed by a 30 second purge with fresh air each minute until the next puff was generated. The fresh air was delivered with the help of an electric aerator to purge the test smoke. The expired air from the chamber was removed by a mechanical suction.
Sacrifice of rats was carried out the next day following the period of exposure by decapitation after light ether anesthesia. Blood samples were taken from the retro-orbital vein of each rat and immediately poured into heparinized tubes. Plasma levels of testerone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2) and progesterone were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) kits. Both ovaries and testes were dissected carefully and were subjected to light microscopic examination.
This study revealed that exposure of male albino rats to smoke of electronic cigarette cause changes in the reproductive hormons in the form of significant decrease in the level of FSH and significant increase in the level of testosterone and the the level of LH in comparison with control male group. while exposure of male albino rats to smoke f conventional cigarette cause Significant decrease in the level of FSH and significant increase in the level of testosterone while insignificant change in the level of LH in comparison with control male group.
Exposure of female albino rats to smoke of electronic cigarette cause changes in the reproductive hormones in the form of significant decrease in FSH level and significant increase in the level of E2 and progesterone while showed non-significant changes in the LH level. Exposure of female albino rats to smoke of conventional cigarette cause significant decrease in FSH level and significant increase in the level of E2 and significant decrease in progesterone while showed non-significant changes in the LH level.
Histopathological examination of section of testis obtained from group of rats exposed to smoke of electronic cigarette showing decrease in the number of sperms, decrease in the spermatogenic cells but all stages are present, congested vascular spaces filled with RBCs. Section of testis obtained from group of rats exposed to smoke of conventional cigarette showing decrease in the number of sperms, slightly decrease in the spermatogenic cells ,some of the tubules showed partial spermatogenic arrest and increase in the number of sertoli cells.