الفهرس 
The Endogenous Opiates (Endorphins, Dynorphin)Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Tramadol is the most widely sold opioid analgesic in the world. It was the second most frequent opioid reported for abuse among physicians. Tramadol dependence became an increasing and at the same time alarming problem in the Egyptian community. This could be noted through its popularity and massive use especially among Egyptian youth. Easy and wide availability of tramadol as a pain killer and for many forms of chronic pains, could be however basic factors of its wide spread and abuse.