الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Nutritional studies recommend the regular consumption of fruits and vegetables to favor a healthy quality of life. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of each of hesperidin and tiger nut against the changes that may be related to the carcinogenic activity of each of DMBA and acrylamide in female rats. One hundred and eight adult Sprague Dawley female rats were divided equally into nine groups (12 for each): control group (1); hesperidin (HES) treated group (2); tigernut (TN) treated group (3); DMBA treated group (4); HES-DMBA treated group (5); TN-DMBA treated group (6); acrylamide (ACR) treated group (7); HES-ACR treated group (8); TN-ACR treated group (9). At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed according to ethics committeeof animals, and their sera were used for evaluation of markers of (a) tumorigenicity (TSA and CEA), (b) endocrine derangement (Prog and E2), (c) oxidative stress (MDA, CO, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and GSH), (d) liver function (AST, ALT and LDH), (e) Kidney function (urea and creatinine).
The results obtained indicated that there was an elevation in the levels of CEA, TSA, Prog, E2, MDA, CO, ALT, AST, LDH, urea and creatinine, also decrease in the levels of body weight and GSH and the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in serum of DMBA administrated rats as compared to control group. Similar results were observed with ACR-treated group, while there were no significant changes in the levels of TSA, Prog and E2 as compared with control group. Administration of HES and TN was associated with decreased levels of tumorigenicity, endocrine derangement, oxidative stress, liver and kidney function biomarkers but the results were more significant with HES treatment.
Histopathological observations of mammary gland showed that only female rats of DMBA and TN-DMBA treated groups showed breast cancer, while there was no evidence of malignancy in HES-DMBA treated group. Also, hesperidin was more potent than tigernut as a hepato/renal-protective agent against the toxic effects of each of DMBA and acrylamide.
In conclusion, our results suggested that supplementation of a diet with hesperidin provided antioxidantdefense with chemoprotective activity more significant than tiger nut against the toxicity ofeach of DMBA and ACR in breast, liver and kidney tissues.