الفهرس 
Bio-Physiology of Amino AcidsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Nutritional support in the critically ill has to date focused on adequate provision of energy to the patient. Protein and AA provision has been dealt with as a subcomponent of energy supply. However, proteins and AAs are fundamental to recovery and survival, not only to preserve active tissue (protein) mass but also to maintain a variety of other essential functions.
The use of one fixed protein-to-energy ratio to achieve both energy intake and protein intake targets often results in protein underfeeding or energy over feeding. A mixed approach with a range of enteral or parenteral formulas may therefore help to balance protein and energy targeted feeding.
The identification of a target for protein provision for individual patients is a crucial step in recognizing the key role of protein in nutrition support, especially for obese and older patients (with low muscle mass) who are seen in increasing numbers in the ICU.
Further research is urgently needed to assess the specific quantitative and qualitative requirements of these patient subgroups. This essay is set out to shed the light on the alteration of amino acid (AA) and protein metabolism in patients with malnutrition, sepsis, renal disease and liver diseases. The results showed that in preoperative patients with malnutrition or protein catabolism (decreased levels of plasma proteins, increased urea production rate) the postoperative complications were significantly increased.