الفهرس 
ContentsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Now a day, synthetic polymeric materials are widely used and they are replacing the traditional materials such as wood and natural rubber. However, owing to its inherent chemical nature, most of synthetic polymers are quite flammable and it is essential to improve its fire retardancy. Traditionally, flame retardency has been achieved either by using intrinsically flame retardant polymers, such as fluoropolymers or Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), or by incorporating flame retardants (FRs), such as aluminum trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, organic brominated compounds. However, such FRs exhibit significant disadvantages. For example, aluminum trihydrate and magnesium hydroxide need to be applied at very high loadings to be effective, which resulting in lack of flexibility of the end- products, as well as low mechanical properties and problems in compounding. On the other hand, concerns ovar the environmental impact have made halogen containing materials a less popular option in many countries. Moreover, the addition of many FRs increases the production of soot and carbon monoxide during combustion. Finally, in tumescent system are relatively expensive and electrical requirements can restrict their application? Recently, nano fillers have attracted fire science scientists all over the world, since low concentrations of organically modified clay dispersed in polymer matrix showed good reduction in the peak of Heat Release Rate (pHRR), changing in the char structure, and reduce mass loss rate combustion in cone calorimeter. Moreover, it could be used with other traditional flame retardant materials with reducing the total flame retardant materials loading percentage. This maintains most of polymer properties and improving flammability performance.