الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of the WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 226 |  |  |
| | | from | 226 | | |
Abstract
Nano materials have a number of key physicochemical properties that make them particularly attractive as separation media for water purification. On a mass basis, they have much large surface areas than bulk particles. This study aimed to determine the adverse health effects from exposure to nanoparticles (Ag and TiO2NPs) in drinking water through experimental animals.
Forty five adult male albino rats Sprague Dawley Strain ten weeks old weighing (120±20 g) were divided into five groups each containing“nine” rats . Each rat housed in individual wire cage for ”four” weeks. Food and water were provided regularly for ”four” weeks.
1. group (1) fed standard diet without addition of either Silver (Ag) or Titanium dioxide (TiO2)Nanoparticles as a normal or negative control.
2. group (2) fed standard diet and orally injected with (100mg/kg.bw) Titanium dioxide Nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) < 25 nm as a small size.
3. group (3) fed standard diet and orally injected with(100mg/kg.bw) Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) ≤ 150 nmas alarge size.
4. group (4) fed standard diet and orally injected with(100mg/kg.bw) Silver Nanoparticles (Ag NPs)20 nm ± 4 as asmall size.
5. group (5) fed standard diet and orally injected with (100mg/kg.bw) Silver Nanoparticles (Ag NPs) 100 nm ± 8 as a large size.
At the end of experiment, the animals were sacrificed under ether anesthesia and blood samples were taken from hepatic portal vein. Biochemical analysis for blood and tissues (brain and liver)done.Histopathological changes in (brain,liver,lung,testis andstomach) organs investigated.
Results of the study illustrated:
A decrease in food intake in all groups comparing to the control group this decrease was not significant in groups received two sizes of TiO2 NPs but significant for groups receivedAg NPs.
Feed efficiency ratio and Body weight gain illustrated a decrease in both parameters than control group although this decrease was not significant in TiO2 (<100, ≥100 nm) and Ag (≥100nm) groups but showed a highly significant value in Ag(<100nm) group.
Liver function (ALT, AST, ALP and GGT) increased with highly significant values for all parameters and between all groups, and it could be notice that Ag NPs was more toxic for liver thanTiO2 NPs and generally, small size (<100) had more toxic effect than large size (≥ 100).
The antioxidant screening for livershowed a significant increase inMalondialdehyde(MDA) and decrease with significant value inGlutathione (GSH). While Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), Ribonucleic acid (RNA) had a decrease in all investigated groups than in control group and that decrease was not significant.
Results illustrated a non-significant change in the two renal function parameters (urea, creatinine) for all investigated groups comparing with control group.
The antioxidant screening of the brain showed a significant increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA) of brain of all investigated groups with comparing to control group, Furthermore There was a significant decrease in the Glutathione (GSH) levels of brain in all treatment groups.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA) of brain decreased and that decrease was not significant in both parameters respectively for all investigated group than the control group.
Differences in glucose value between treatment groups with nanoparticles and control group, those differences were not significant.
Groups fed Nano TiO2 ≥100nm and Nano Ag < 100nm wererespectively lower in HB and HCT levels than normal control group and other investigated groups, these results were not significant for HB% but significant in HCT value.
group fed Nano Ag ≥100 nm showed a nearest value of LDH to normal control group,while other groups were higher in LDH level than control group in a significant value for <100nm TiO2 and Ag NPs and anon-significant value for ≥100 nm TiO2 NPs group .
Pathological Investigation:
Brain, Liver, Lung, Stomach and Testes of control group showed nohistopathological changes.
Brain:-
-group fedTiO2 NPs<100 nmshowed necrosis of neurons and neuronophagia, focal haemorrage.
-group fed TiO2 NPs≥100 nm showed necrosis of neurons and neuronophagia with congestion of meningeal blood vessel.
-group fed Ag NPs<100 nm showed necrosis of neurons and congestion of meningeal blood capillaries.
-group fed Ag NPs≥100 nm showed necrosis of neurons and cellular oedema.
Liver:-
-group fed TiO2 NPs<100 nm illustrated focal hepatic necrosis associated with inflammatory cells infiltration, dilated congested blood sinusoids with leukocytosis and apoptosis of hepatocytes and fibrosis of the wall of bile duct with appearance of newly formed bile ductuoles.
- group fed TiO2 NPs≥100 nm showedfibrosis of portal tract and necrosis of the wall of bile duct, focal hepatic necrosis associated with inflammatory cells infiltration.
-group fed Ag NPs<100 nm illustrated focal hepatic necrosis associated with inflammatory cells infiltration, congestion of central vein and hepatic sinusoids.
- group fed Ag NPs≥100 nm showed perivascular mononuclear cells infiltration, fibrosis of portal tract and necrosis of the wall of bile duct and congestion of central vein, cytoplasmic vacuolization of hepatocytes and Kupffer cells activation.
Lung:-
-group fed TiO2 NPs<100 nm showed hyperplasia and vacuolation of bronchial epithelium, interstitial pneumonia and massive perivascular inflammatory cells infiltration.
- group fed TiO2NPs≥100 nm showed atelectasis.
-group fed Ag NPs<100 nm illustrated chronic bronchitis,pneumonia. Notice infiltration of the alveoli with macrophages, suppurative pneumonia.
-group fed Ag NPs≥100 nm showed pneumonia. Notice infiltration of alveoli with macrophages loaded with black particles,massive perivascular mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltration.
Testes:-
-group fed TiO2NPs<100 nm showed necrosis and desquamation of germ cells lining seminiferous tubules.
-group fed TiO2 NPs≥100 nm showed no histopathological changes.
-group fed Ag NPs<100 nm showed necrosis and desquamation of germ cells lining seminiferous tubules with formation of spermatid giant cells in the lumen and degeneration of spermatogoneal cells lining seminiferous tubules.
-group fed Ag NPs≥100 nmshowed necrosis and desquamation of germ cells lining seminiferous tubules with formation of spermatid giant cells in the lumen.
Stomach:-
- group fed TiO2 NPs <100 nm showed submucosaloedema associated with inflammatory cells infiltration.
-group fed TiO2 NPs ≥100 nm showed massive submucosal inflammatory cells infiltration.
- group fed Ag NPs <100 nm showed focal necrosis of gastric mucosa and submucosal inflammatory cells infiltration.
-group fed Ag NPs ≥100 nmsubmucosaloedema associated with inflammatory cells infiltration and necrosis of gastric mucosa
Based on these results, itconcluded that Ag NPs and TiO2 NPs had toxic effect on animal’s health.