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Abstract Recurrent VTE occurs frequently, with a reported prevalence of up to 40% at 10 years. Recurrent DVT is associated with increased costs as well as sequelae such as post thrombotic syndrome, pulmonary embolism, and death. Risk factors for recurrence include acquired thrombophilic conditions, malignancy, and residual venous thrombosis. Other factors such as male gender, primary PE, age, and certain thrombophilic conditions such as FV Leiden, and prothrombin G20210A mutation remain controversial. TGF is considered to be an antiatherogenic factor and in hemostasis it has been suggested to be an antifibrinolytic factor. TGF 1 and TGF 2 may be identified as potential predictive markers for recurrent VTE in patients with an unprovoked first episode of VTE. |