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Abstract The river Nile water is the main source of drinking water supply in Egypt. It is included various phytoplankton structures belonging to three main groups, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Bacillariophyceae. Algae and bacteria are the main source to turbidity and transmitted diseases in water. Treatment of raw water using two chemical coagulants, namely, aluminium sulphate and aluminium oxide removed algae about 85% and 94.4%, respectively, and using chlorine as chemical disinfectant for drinking water. Using algal count as a biological agent reduce alum dose in water treatment plants to about 2-3 g/m3 and residual alum in drinking water to about 0.02-0.03g/m3. Also, total coliform, faecal coliform, faecal Streptococci, and total viable bacterial count was used as biological agents in breakpoint test, which led to reduce chlorine dose to about 1-2 g/m3 and residual chlorine in treated water to about 0.1-0.74g/m3 as average. The optimal coagulant dose and chlorine dose were detected as first time in water treatment plants (WTPs) by algal and bacterial count as biological agents. |