الفهرس 
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Abstract
Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is considered the first deciduous fruit crop in the world and the second major fruit crop after citrus in Egypt. Phytonematodes is one of the most important pests of grapes. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate ecology and control of plant parasitic nematodes attacking grapevines in Sharkia Governorate. It was found that, seven genera of true phytonematodes were found in association with grapevines grown in El-Salhia, Inshas and Sekem localities at Sharkia Governorate. Frequency of occurrence, population density and prominence value of those genera were determined. The genera Meloidogyne, Rotylenchulus and Pratylenchus were found with a relatively higher prominence values. Other identified genera i.e., Helicotylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, Tylenchulus and Xiphinema were found with moderate or low prominence values. Effect of grapevine cultivars (Flame, King Ruby, Red Globe and Thompson Seedless), intercropping of Luffa aegyptiaca with grape and irrigation systems (surface and drip) on distribution and abundance of major genera of phytonematodes were discussed. Seasonal fluctuations and spatial distribution of phytonematodes showed that sampling of grapevines at distance of 51-100 cm far from tree trunk between rows to a depth of about 20 cm in spring season is considered the best option to determine populations of phytonematodes infecting grape. There is notable exception to this generalization, since Xiphinema spp. Prefer deeper soil layers and tend to increase depth of sampling more than 20 cm. Impact of temperature and period of storage on recovery of nematodes from soil samples showed that, it would be far better to extract nematodes from soil as soon as possible after soil sampling, since storing at 25 ̊C, 8 ̊C and -2 ̊C for three days or more significantly (P≤0.05) reduced numbers of extracted nematodes. Water extracts of citrus peels i.e., grapefruit, lemon, mandarin and naval orange at concentrations of 25%, 50% and 75% of the standard solution significantly (P≤0.05) influenced egg hatching and juvenile mortality of M. incognita in vitro. In attempting to suppress populations of plant parasitic nematodes infesting some grapevine yards at Sharkia Governorate, certain soil amendments were applied. These amendments were animal manures (cattle, duck, pigeon and poultry manures) applied at rate of 30 kg/ vine and dried plant wastes (cabbage leaves, eucalyptus leaves and rice straw) as well as castor seed cake added at rate of 1 kg/vine. Numbers of phytonematodes as well as predaceous and free living nematodes were estimated 2,4 and 6 months after application. Moreover, four chemical nematicides i.e., Nemacur, Nemathorin, Rugby and Vydate as well as two bio-products i.e., Bio-Arch and Bio-Zeid applied at the recommended rate were tested on M. incognita.