الفهرس 
Introductoin and Aim of the work
Pulse OximetryOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method that enables rapid measurement of the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in arterial blood. It can rapidly detect changes in oxygen saturation, thus providing an early warning of dangerous hypoxemia.
The use of pulse oximetry for patients assessment and monitoring is well established in critical care, anesthesiology, and emergency departments. In recent years, the availability of small, user-friendly, portable and affordable pulse oximeters, including those worn on the finger-tip has opened up the potential for use of this technique in an expanded variety of clinical settings, including primary care.
A pulse oximeter shines light at two wavelengths red and infrared through a part of the body that is relatively translucent and has good arterial pulsed blood flow (e.g., finger, toe, earlobe). The ratio of red to infrared light that passes through the measurement site and is received by the oximeter’s detector depends on the percentage of oxygenated versus deoxygenated hemoglobin through which the light passes. Pulse oximetry is valuable in assessment potentially hypoxic patients in the home, office, and clinic or hospital settings to determine which patients should have arterial blood gas measurements.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the correla- tion between SpO2 and arterial O2 saturation measured with blood gas analyzer (SaO2) in patients with chest problems and evaluate the role of pulse oximetry in monitoring and diagnosis of different chest diseases.
Methods: 700 patients were included (323males, 377 females), mean age (47.51 ±12.09), ranged from (22-76) in our study.
All patients were admitted to chest departement, Assiut University Hospital from March 2013 to August 2014, with different chest problems (Bronchial asthma, COPD, ILDs, Pneumonia and Pleural effusion).
All patients were subjected to clinical examination, chest radiology, arterial blood gases, pulse oximetry, pulmonary functions test (spirometry), 6MWT and laboratory assessment.
Results: This study included 700 patients with different chest diseases. According to oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry patients were divided into 4 groups:
group (1): SpO2 70% oxygen saturation; 80 patients (11.4%) with mean± SD of SpO2 vs SaO2 (54.87±7.13 vs 61.93± 10.65) with significant difference (p= 0.002) so pulse oximetry is not reliable in these group, ABG is indicated.
group (2): SpO2 70-80% oxygen saturation; 105 patients (15%) with mean± SD of SpO2 vs SaO2 (74.40± 2.42 vs 78.74±3.64) with mild significant difference (p= 0.050) so pulse oximetry is not reliable in critical patients, ABG is indicated especially in critical status.
group (3): SpO2 80 - 90% oxygen saturation; 251 patients (35.9%) with mean± SD of SpO2 vs SaO2 (86.31± 2.83 vs 87.27±2.97) with no significant difference (p= 0.113), pulse oximetry is reliable at this group.
group (4): SpO2≥ 90% oxygen saturation; 264 patients (37.7%) with mean± SD of SpO2 vs SaO2 (94.37±1.31 vs 94.79±1.79) with no significant difference (p= 0.482), pulse oximetry is reliable at this group.
In this study there was significant correlation between pulse oximetry values and FEV1 (r=0.111, p= 0.003) and FEV1/ FVC (r= 0.121, p= 0.001).
Conclusion, pulse oximetry is an available and non-invasive method that can be considered an appropriate substitute for ABG, especially in SpO2≥80%.
In conditions with low oxygen saturation (SpO2<70%) and in critical status, SpO2 is not sufficiently accurate to replace SaO2 measured by arterial blood gases analyzer.