الفهرس 
الإطـار العـام للبحثيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Scientific research& development which is implemented by universities& institutions of higher education play an essential role in the research system& in the process of transferring, innovating& developing technology in a manner that would be consistent with the circumstances of the countries, in order to achieve the desired objective of such. Therefore, the universities in the developed countries have given a special attention for research& development through providing the appropriate scientific environment where the scientific research can grow& flourish. They dedicated for this purpose the necessary funds in order to provide the devices, laboratories, scientific equipment& libraries needed by researchers in different fields. The Deanship of Research (Research Project Management) in King Fahd University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia plans, supports, manages& encourages research activities in the university through internal& external support. The functional tasks of the Deanship include supervising the support of research projects, scientific visits& attending conferences, scientific devotion& excellence awards in scientific research. Most activities of the deanship are being planned& managed through the Scientific Research Council, in addition to a number of committees, including the Research Committee& the Conferences Committee. The Council supervises the development of scientific research systems. Furthermore, the university adopts a number of initiatives, most important of which is Research Support Fund, which aims to diversification& stability of the financial resources of the University. as well as Research Excellence Centers supported by the Ministry of Higher Education, through which the university has sought to enhance its research capabilities to achieve local& global leadership in the research fields, which concern the national needs& meet the requirements of the industrial sector, as well as to obtain patents& scientific awards. The University tended to expand in technological business incubators for the projects of students, male& female graduates within the business& knowledge of university system. Many countries -like the United States of America, China, South Korea, Canada, Japan, Britain& Saudi Arabia- have established business incubators associated with the university (which is called university business incubators), in order to provide investment& operational opportunities for the university outputs,& especially the scientific research, as well as adopting creators& innovators& turning their ideas& projects from being just a laboratory model to production& investment, by providing services, support& practical support for innovators, in order to obtain the product that creates an added value in the market economy. Business incubators are considered an important mechanism for translating scientific researches in universities (technology can be turned into projects) into productive projects for industry (confirmed new technology&
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business opportunities). It also plays a pivotal role as a conduit connecting between industry& scientific research& contributes to the success of new incubated projects by a large proportion. It also contributes to providing new job opportunities. Such matter has made business incubators as a tool for assisting scientific research centers& researchers, as well as applies their works in the productive fact. The business incubators function as a mechanism to resolve the problems facing industry& to assist them in the applied researches necessary for it. In addition to providing technological incubator within the university that contributes to transforming innovations& scientific research results into economic wealth,& supporting investment projects, particularly new projects,& benefiting from scientific research& technological innovations& turning it into successful projects, by relying on the basic structure of these universities, such as laboratories, workshops& researches devices, in addition to faculty members, researchers& experts personnel in their fields. Moreover, the role of incubators in absorbing research competencies& stopping brain drain to the outside, which leads to material losses& missing the opportunities on the developing countries, in order to advance scientific research& achieve the desired development. Egypt, therefore, has exerted efforts in the development process of scientific research. The National Conference for the Development of Higher Education in Egypt, which has been held on February 2000, has approved the development enterprises associated with the strategic plan for scientific research. Seven of which are related to the support of scientific research in universities& the development of researchers capabilities& support of Centers of Excellence& advanced research centers, particularly for deepening the use of information& communications technology which give priority to enterprises that have an economic return to the country, with a focus on the subjects that Egypt has a competitive advantage in such. The resolution of the Prime Minister was made in 2000 regarding the formation of a supreme council for the coordination of research centers in various ministries headed by the Minister of Higher Education& the Minister of State for Scientific Research Affairs. He has given the immediate attention for the establishment of technology transfer centers in universities, institutes& research centers. As the number of scientific research centers affiliated to the Ministry of Scientific Research has reached 13 centers. The number of research& study centers in different ministries has reached 219 centers& 114 centers in universities. Furthermore, Egypt has exerted efforts in the establishment of business incubators. Whereas the Egyptian experience in the field of business incubators is considered to be the first experience at the level of the Arab countries,& to the fulfillment of this experience, the Egyptian Society of Small Projects Incubators has been created in 1995 A.D, which mainly aimed at the dissemination&
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development of the culture of entrepreneurship& the support of the establishment of small enterprises of all kinds, as well as establishing, constructing& managing business incubators& technological, scientific& industrial parks,& supervising the preparation& building human competencies in the field of incubators& upon the cooperation programs with international bodies in the field of incubators. The incubators for projects have been established for providing support aspects, which the enterprises need (financial, training, technical, marketing, etc.) from the planning stage& start-up& up to the breakeven point, which is a critical stage in the life of small projects. The incubators development administration has been established for creating a national network of incubators at the level of the Republic by selecting more suitable sites for the establishment of incubators based on the scientific criteria for selecting the site in terms of the availability of infrastructure& promising business community (industrial societies) or that the technical support must be available as it would be near to the universities or research centers. The Social Fund for Development finances construction works& rehabilitation of the incubator site. It also finances the management& operation of the incubator until it reaches the stage of self-reliance. Some of the examples of these incubators are incubators in the Governorates of Cairo, Menoufia, Dakahlia, Assiut& Port Said& incubators in the construction phase in Sharkiya Governorate, Beni Suef & Giza & incubators under study in the Governorates of El Menia & Dakahlia. The Research Problem: In spite of the efforts, which Egypt has exerted in order to carry business incubators in Egypt& improve the scientific research in universities, there are many issues associated with Scientific Research management& business incubators such as: 1. The absence of strategic planning& operational systems Postgraduate Studies& Scientific Research& its associated matters with respect to the absence of performance evaluation systems at the level of research production in general. In addition, the absence of conscious research plans& non-proliferation of excellence research centers& the absence of research culture localization system of world-class. As well as the weakness of the mechanisms of research cooperation, participation& communication between the system Postgraduate Studies& Scientific Research& cultural relations& between the various national institutions, which impede the achievement of development& competition at the university level& at the national level. 2. For the management of research projects in the university, the obstacles are represented in the poor availability of skills meet the proposal of projects
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application between faculty members, the lack of a data base for research projects, as well as the focus of attention from some of those in charge ofresearch projects on the financial return without regard to moral& technical returns of the research projects on the university community, the lack of teamwork culture in the management of research projects, the limited benefit of the university& the community from the outputs of the projects, the lack of following-up the sustainability of some projects that received by the university. 3. The fundamental deficiencies related to the Egyptian incubators in: - The Incubators in Egypt encounter exceptional problems in accordance with the weak basic structure& the incomplete support from the state. - The weakness of selecting& training of those in charge for the incubator, particularly incubator director& the main person in supporting the growth of projects. - In addition to some common problems, some of which are the small number of concerned persons who have new& important projects,& the lack of applicants for the job opportunities that are currently exist,& the members of incubators who do not devote themselves to have an interest in new projects as it should be, the loss of management knowledge& market knowledge, the loss of market research& marketing capability, the weakness of the existence of the new projects sponsors, especially the poor participation in risk capital in financing. In light of the above, the research problem can be expressed in the following main