الفهرس 
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Abstract
Anabolic-androgenic steroids are the man-made derivatives of the male sex hormone testosterone. Complications of anabolic steroids with relevance in forensic medicine are due to life-threatening health risks. The long-term complications are related to dosage, frequency of use. Of these, some are reversible. However, others are irreversible and may lead to serious harm. Several studies have shown that α-tocopherol inhibits free radical formation and may effectively minimize lipid peroxidation in biological systems.
The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of the adminstration of Nandrolone Decanoate (anabolic steroid) on the testes and hearts of white male albino rats by histopathological examination (light and electron microscopy), lipogram for assessment of (LDL, HDL, Cholesterol, Triglyceride level), detection of testosterone serum level. In addition studying the possible protective effect of co-administration of Antox on Nandrolone Decanoate -induced changes.
The present study was conducted on 70 sexually mature male albino rats in the period from 10 Febraury 2014 to 10 April 2014. Rats were divided into 7 groups, each group formed of 10 rats: group I: Negative control group, group II: Positive control group administered sesame oil, group III: Antox-treated group, group (IVa): Nandrolone Decanoate-treated group by 1/75 of the LD50, group (IVb): Nandrolone Decanoate plus Antox-treated group, group (Va): Nandrolone Decanoate-treated group by 1/50 of the LD50 and group (Vb): Nandrolone Decanoate plus Antox-treated group.
After sacrification of the animals histopathological examination of testes and hearts was carried out to determine any associated changes and compare between groups.
Evaluation of testosterone level: The testosterone level was reduced in group IVa and more reduced in group Va with significant difference. Addition of antox in groups IVb and Vb mildely improved the level of testosterone.
Evaluation of lipogram level: The lipogram in the control groups I and III were lower than the group treated with sesame oil (II), with a significant difference. The groups treated with nandrolone showed very high rise of lipid profile compared to the control groups with very high significant difference between the two treated groups, and this rise was dose dependent. Addition of antox resulted in moderate improvement of the lipograms.
Light microscopy results: LM Examination of nandrolone treated rats showed an obvious reduction of spermatogenesis compared to control groups, which was more apparent in group Va compared to IVa. Addition of antox to nandrolone in groups IVb and Vb led to very mild improvement of spermatogenesis. Histological examination of the cardiac tissues from the three control groups I, II and III showed nearly similar findings. The histological changes in groups IVa and Va were generally very minimal and trivial. Examination of cardiac muscle from antox treated rats showed no histological differences compared to non treated groups.
Electron Microscopy Results: EM picture of group IVa cases showed moderate distortion of the normal anatomy of testicular tissue in the form of thickened and irregular basement membrane, Sertoli cells showed condensed chromatin with vaculated cytoplasm filled with many lysosomes. Addition of Antox to nandrolone in group IVb cases showed nearly complete recovery to normality. EM picture of group Va cases showed marked distortion of the anatomy of testicular tissue in the form of thickened basement membrane and Sertoli cells showed swollen mitochondria with destroyed cristae and lysosome-filled cytoplasm. Early spermatides showed acrosomal granules and abnormal acrosomal cap with less number of mitochondria. Addition of Antox to nandrolone in group Vb cases showed very minute improvement.
Electron microscopy examination of the cardiac tissues from the groups I,II and III (control groups) were more or less similar in their findings. EM picture of group IVa cases showed moderate distortion of the normal anatomy. Addition of Antox to nandrolone in group IVb cases showed moderate recovery. EM picture of group Va cases showed marked distortion of the anatomy of cardiac tissue in the form of binucleated cardiac myocytes with atrophy of their myofibrils. Other myocytes showed that myofibrils lost their normal organization with deposition of granulo-filamentous dense materials. Addition of Antox to nandrolone in group Vb cases showed only mild recovery.
Conclusion
Androgenic anabolic steroids has a marked deleterious effect on the testicular and cardiac tissue and function, and addition of antioxidants to anabolic steroids may minimize these deleterious effects.
Recommendations
Further studying of anabolic steroid effect over large period of time to show its deleterious effect on humans over prolonged period.
Antioxidants like Vitamin C & E must be added for regimen of treatment to patient under treatment with anabolic steroid.
Discourage marketing of anabolic steroid for bodybuilder in Egypt.
Criminalization of abuse of anabolic steroidin Egypt as present in other country.
Counselling people that In contrast to men, many of adverse events in the female anabolic steroid user may not be transient.
Counselling people about complication and withdrawal effect of anabolic which may lead to criminal proplem.