الفهرس 
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Abstract
Over view
Since pre-historic times, man has gone in different ways to search for cures and relief from various diseases by using numerous plants, plant products and plant-derived products.Recently, there is a scientific interest and a certain popularity with regard to screening essential oils and extracts from plants used medicinally all over the world. M. AmzadHossain et ., al (2012) Historically, many plants ’essential oils and crude extracts have been used as topical antiseptics, or have been reported to have antimicrobial properties (Hoffman, 1987; Lawless, 1995; Jovanovic et al., 2005; Kimand Shin, 2004; Magwa et al., 2006; Marino et al., 2001;Mitscher et al., 1987; Mourey and Canillac, 2002). It is veryimportant now-a-days to investigate scientifically those plants, which have been used in traditional medicines as potential sources of novel antimicrobial compounds (Mitscher et al.,1987). Also, the resurgence of interest in natural control of phytopathogens and increasing consumer demand for effective, safe, and natural products means that quantitative data on plant oils and extracts are required. Various publications have documented the anti-fungal and antibacterial activity of essential oils and plant extracts including rosemary, pepper-mint, bay, basil, tea tree, celery seed and fennel ( Morris et al., 1979; Yousef and Tawil, 1980)
Aimof Study
The main objective of the research is to study the effect of essential oils , which include ( Dill seed oil –parsley seed oil and their mixture ( 1:1 ) to treat the Liver disorders which were induced by CCL4and Some other physiological parameters as (blood, liver, and kidney) function that concerning normal rats and rats which were induced by CCL4. And Histopathological examination of organs (liver and kidney) for knowing the effects of plants seeds under investigation and Results will be statistically analyzed; conclusion and suitable recommendations will be presented.
Materials and Methods:
1- Investigated samples
Investigated samples consisted of some plants seeds. All Food items have been bought from local market and prepared for chemical analysis , which are suggested for treatment of liver disorder but in new blends , these plants seeds used after knowing their active constituents and their biological activities .
This investigation is used three (3)plants seeds , which are used as groups for treatment of liver disorder as the the following : (dill , parsley and their mixture ) .
2-Animales experimental( Rats)
Forty eight (48) Sprague Dawley strain were obtained from the Laboratory of Animal Colony , Institute research Alrmdi , Giza ,Egypt . weighting (200-250)g , were used in this study . All rats were fed on basal diet for one week . Each rat was housed in an individual stainless steel cage under controlled condition , Diets were introduced to rats in a special non-scattering feeding cup to avoid loss of food and contamination . Tap water was provided to rats by mean of glass tubes projecting through wire cages from inverted bottles supported to one side of the cage
3-Induction of liver disorder by carbon tetra chloride (CCL4) :
The rats were treated subcutaneous injection with carbon tetra chloride (CCL4) in paraffin oil 50% v ∕ v ( 2 ml ∕ kg ) twice aweek to induce chronic damage in the liver
4-The Diet and grouping of Experimental Animals (Rats):
Rats were disported into Eight groups (n=6 ) as following :-
group 1: Was fed on basal diet plus oral feeding of Dill seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg
group 2: Was fed on basal diet plus oral feeding of Dill seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg
group 3 : Was fed on basal diet plus oral feeding of Parsley seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg
group 4 : Was fed on basal diet plus oral feeding of Parsley seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg
group 5 : Was fed on basal diet plus oral feeding of Mix . of two oils 200 mg ∕ kg
group 6 : Was fed on basal diet plus oral feeding Mix . of two oils 400 mg ∕ kg
group 7 : Was Kept with out any treatment as appositive control (C+ve group ) and fed on basal dietfor 28 days
group 8 : Was fed on basal diet only as a negative control (C ve)
5-Biological evaluation
Biological evaluation of the different diets was carried out by determination food intake ( F1) , body weight gain % ( BWG%) food efficiency ratio (FER) according to Chapmanetal., (1959)
6-Biochemical analysis :
At the end of the experiment , rats were fasted (12)hours and anesthetized with di-ethyl ether . blood samples were collected in clean dry centrifuge tubes for 10 minutes at 3000 rpm from hepatic portal vein . All blood samples except the used samples for complete blood count ( CBC) were collected in ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) as anticoagulant . Serum was carefully separated and transferred in to dry clean ebendorf tubes and kept frozen at - (20ºc) until the time of analysis . The following analysis as : C.B.C , serum liver enzymes ( ALT , AST and GGT ) , serum protein ( T.P , Alb , Glob and A ∕ G ratio ) serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) , Serum lipids ( T.G , T.C , HDL , LDL and VLDL ) , Kidney functions ( S.U and S. CR) and Random Blood Sugar.
7-Organs weight :
After taking retro orbital blood samples , each rat was rapidly opened , the liver , kidney , heart , spleen and lungs were removed , cleaned in saline solution and dried then weighed and kept formation solution 10 % v ∕ v , according to the methods described by Drury and Wallington , ( 1980 ) .
8-Histopthological examination :
Specimens from liver and kidney were collected after kept in formalin then embedded in paraffin 4-6 thick sections were prepared and stained with hemetoxlin and eosin according to Carleton, (1978) .
9-Statistical analysis :
Statistical analysis were performed by using computer program Statistical Package for Social Science ( SPSS) , and compared with each other using the suitable tests . All obtained results were tabulated .Statistical analysis has been achieved using IMB-P-C computer by SPSS, program ( SPSS , 1998 ) .
Results
1-Body weight:
found non significant differences between the body weight of rats ( in gram) for normal control and all treatments at zero time . from second to six weeks the highest gain body was pronounced for all animal groups .Meanwhile groups Dill seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg and Parsley seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg gave significantly highest increased in body weight compared to control group .
2-Body weight gain and Body weight gain %
It was clear from results that there were increase in body weight gain ( BWG ) for positive control group as compared to negative control which were 106.0±19.49 and 104.80±8.92gmrespectively .
However there was decrease in body weight gain in groups Dill seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg (99.0±12.94gm) and Mix . of two oils 200 mg ∕ kg (98.40±13.610 gm ) which gave BWG values lower than negative control (104.80±8.92gm ) .
results illustrated that the mean value ofBWG% of control negative was increase when compared to control positive by M ± SD (64.98±5.08 % and 60.98±14.19 % ) respectively . the mean value ± SD of body weight percent for group Dill seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg , Parsley seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg and Mix . of two oils 200 mg ∕ kg were (53.87±7.33 , 55.91±7.16 and 52.59±6.57 g ) which were lower than control positive group represented (60.98±14.19 ) respectively .
2-Serum liver Enzymes :
Data found that ( GOT) for groups (Mix . of two oils 400 mg ∕ kg , Parsley seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg and Dill seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg ) showed a good effect on rats as compared with control ( + ) .
As for as ( GPT ) , groups (Mix . of two oils 200 mg ∕ kg , Parsley seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg and Dill seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg ) showed a good effect on rats as compared with control ( + ) .
3-Serum Billirubin :
Data found that for ( T. BIL ) for groups (Dill seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg and Dill seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg ) showed a good effect on rats as compared with control ( + ) . While values of ( D. BIL ) all groups were equaled with control positive and control negative .And ( I. BIL ) the highest value was obtained from rats on group (Parsley seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg ) .
4-Serum Proteins :
The lowest ( T.P ) value was obtained for rats on group (Dill seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg ) , While the highest value of ( T.P ) was obtained for rats on group ( Mix . of two oils 200 mg ∕ kg ) , And (Alb ) the highest value was obtained for rats on group ( Dill seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg ) While thelowestvalue was obtained for rats on group (Dill seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg ) , and (Glob) the lowest value was obtained for rats on group (Dill seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg) While the highestvalue was obtained for rats on group (Dill seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg ) , and (A ∕ G ) the lowest value was obtained for rats on group (Dill seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg ) While the highestvalue was obtained for rats on group (Dill seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg ) .
5- Serum lipids :
Data found that (HDL ) for groups (Mix . of two oils 400 mg ∕ kg and Parsley seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg) showed a good effect on rats as compared with control ( + ) .
As for as (LDL ) , group ( Dill seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg ) showed a good effect on rats as compared with control ( + ) .
And (VLDL) , group (Dill seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg and Mix . of two oils 200 mg ∕ kg ) showed a good effect on rats as compared with control ( + ) .
6- Serum total cholesterol , Triglycerides :
The results revealed that the highest value of cholesterol was obtained for rats on group (Dill seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg ) , While thelowestvalue was obtained for rats on group (Parsley seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg ) . and Triglycerides , the lowest value was obtained for rats on group (Parsley seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg ) While the highest value was obtained for rats on group (Dill seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg ) .
7- Random Blood Sugar :
The results showed that groups (Dill seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg , Dill seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg , Parsley seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg , Mix . of two oils 200 mg ∕ kg and Mix . of two oils 400 mg ∕ kg ) showed a good effect on rats as compared with control ( + ) .
8- Serum Alpha – Fetoprotein (AFP) :
The results revealed that the highest value of(AFP) was obtained for rats on group (Mix . of two oils 200 mg ∕ kg ) While thelowestvalue was obtained for rats on group (Dill seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg ) . All treatments showed a good effect on rats as compared with control ( + ) .
9-Kidney Indices ( Urea and Creatinine ):
Data found that group (Mix . of two oils 200 mg ∕ kg ) showed a good effect on rats in Kidney Indices ( Urea and Creatinine ) as compared with control ( + ) .
10- Complete blood count (CBC) :
10-1- Red Blood Cells : ( R.B.C , H.C.T and M.C.H ) :
The results revealed that the highest value of (R.B.C) was obtained for rats on group (Parsley seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg ) While thelowestvalue was obtained for rats on group (Parsley seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg ) .
As for as (H.C.T ) the highest valuewas obtained for rats on group (Parsley seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg ) , While thelowestvalue was obtained for rats on group (Parsley seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg ) .
And (M.C.H ) the highest valuewas obtained for rats on group (Dill seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg ) , While thelowestvalue was obtained for rats on groups (Mix . of two oils 200 mg ∕ kg and Mix . of two oils 400 mg ∕ kg ) .
10-2- Red Blood Cells : ( M.C.H.C , M.C.V and H.G.B) :
The results revealed that the highest value of(M.C.H.C)was obtained for rats on group (Dill seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg ) , While thelowestvalue was obtained for rats on groups (Mix . of two oils 200 mg ∕ kg ) .
As for as(M.C.V )the highest valuewas obtained for rats on groups (Mix . of two oils 200 mg ∕ kgand Parsley seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg), While thelowestvalue was obtained for rats on groups (Mix . of two oils 400 mg ∕ kg ) .
And (H.G.B)the highest valuewas obtained for rats on groups (Parsley seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg ) , While thelowestvalue was obtained for rats on groups (Parsley seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg ) .
10-3- Red Blood Cells : ( RDW _ CV and RDW_SD ) :
The results revealed that the highest value of (RDW _ CV) was obtained for rats on group (Mix . of two oils 400 mg ∕ kg) , While thelowestvalue was obtained for rats on groups (Parsley seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg ) .
As for as (RDW_SD ) the highest valuewas obtained for rats on groups (Mix . of two oils 200 mg ∕ kg ) , While thelowestvalue was obtained for rats on groups (Parsley seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg ) .
11- White Blood Cells : ( W.B.C , L.Y.M% and M.I.D % ):
The results revealed that the highest value of(W.B.C )was obtained for rats on group (Mix . of two oils 200 mg ∕ kg ) , While thelowestvalue was obtained for rats on groups (Parsley seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg ) .
As for as L.Y.M% : there was a significant increased in negative control as compared to positive control . Also there were increased in all treatments groups as compared to positive control .
As for asM.I.D % the highest valuewas obtained for rats on group(Parsley seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg ) ,While thelowestvalue was obtained for rats on groups (Dill seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg ) .
12- White Blood Cells : ( G.R.A.N% and G.R.A.N # ) :
Data revealed that there was a significant increased in positive control as compared to negative control . Also significant decrease in the groups ( Dill seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg , Dill seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg , Parsley seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg ) as compared topositive control .
As for as G.R.A.N # there was a significant increased in positive control as compared to negative control . Data found that group(Parsley seed oil 200 mg ∕ kg) showed a good effect on rats in G.R.A.N # as compared with control ( + ) .
13- White Blood Cells : ( L.Y.M# and M.I.D# ):
Data found that there was increased in L.Y.M# for negative control as compared to positive control .Also Data found that group(Parsley seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg ) showed a good effect on rats in G.R.A.N # as compared with control ( + ) .
M.I.D# : Data found that there was increased in M.I.D# for positive control as compared to negative control . Also Data found that group(Parsley seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg ) showed a good effect on rats in M.I.D# as compared with control ( + ) .
14-( P.L.T and M.P.V ) :
Data revealed that the highest values of M.P.V were observedfor (Mix . of two oils 400 mg ∕ kg ) group ,While thelowestvalue was obtained for rats on groups (Mix . of two oils 200 mg ∕ kg ) .
As for as(P.L.T )the highest valuewas obtained for rats on groups (Mix . of two oils 400 mg ∕ kg) ,While thelowestvalue was obtained for rats on groups (Dill seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg) .
15- P.D.W and P.C.T :
The results revealed that the highest value of(P.D.W)was obtained for rats on group (Mix . of two oils 400 mg ∕ kg) , While thelowestvalue was obtained for rats on groups (Mix . of two oils 200 mg ∕ kg ) .
As for as(P.C.T )the highest valuewas obtained for rats on groups (Mix . of two oils 400 mg ∕ kg) , While thelowestvalue was obtained for rats on groups (Dill seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg) .
16- P_ LCR and P_ LCC :
The results revealed that the highest value of(P_ LCR)was obtained for rats on group (Mix . of two oils 400 mg ∕ kg ) , While thelowestvalue was obtained for rats on groups (Dill seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg ) .
As for as(P_ LCC )the highest valuewas obtained for rats on groups (Mix . of two oils 400 mg ∕ kg) , While thelowestvalue was obtained for rats on groups (Dill seed oil 400 mg ∕ kg) .
16- Organs weight (g) :
The value of internal organs weight ( heart , liver , spleen , kidney and lungs ) of all treatment groups lower than control positive group and higher than control negative .
17- Histopathological Results :
17-1- Liver
The results revealed that , Liver of rat from group 1( which feeding on Standard diet + 200 mg dill oil ∕kg of rats ) showing no histopathological changes while , Liver of rat from group 2 ( which feeding on Standard diet + 400 mg dill oil ∕kg of rats ) showing slight hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes, Examined Liver of rat from group 3 ( which feeding on Standard diet + 200 mg dill oil and Parsley oil ∕kg of rats ) showing dilatation and congestion of central vein, as well asshowed that Liver of rat from group 3( which feeding on Standard diet + 200 mg dill oil and Parsley oil ∕kg of rats ) showing slight hydropic degeneration of , moreover , Liver of rat from group 4 ( which feeding on Standard diet + 200 mg Parsely oil ∕kg of rats ) showing slight vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes , vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes were noticed in Liver of rat from group 5( which feeding on Standard diet + 400 mg Parsley oil ∕kg of rats ), as well as showed that Liver of rat from group 5 ( which feeding on Standard diet + 400 mg Parsley oil ∕kg of rats )showing slight congestion of central vein ,How ever, Liver of rat from group 6 ( which feeding on Standard diet + 400 mg dill oil and Parsley oil ∕kg of rats )showing slight hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes , Liver of rat from group 7( control +) showing vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes, Liver of rat from group 7 (control +) showing vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes and portal infiltration with inflammatory cells, Moreover, Liver of rat from group 8 ( control - ) showing the normal histological structure of hepatic lobule , As well as , Liver of rat from group 8 (control - ) showing the normal histological structure of hepatic lobule .
17-2-Kidneys
Kidney of rat from group 1 ( which feeding on Standard diet + 200 mg dill oil ∕kg of rats ) showing no histopathologicalchanges , How ever Kidney of rat from group 2( which feeding on Standard diet + 400 mg dill oil ∕kg of rats ) showing congestion of glomerular tufts , As well as showed that Kidney of rat from group 2( which feeding on Standard diet + 400 mg dill oil ∕kg of rats ) showing no histopathological changes , Examined Kidney of rat from group 3( which feeding on Standard diet + 200 mg dill oil and parsley oil ∕kg of rats ) showing congestion of renal blood vessel , on the other hand , Kidney of rat from group 3( which feeding on Standard diet + 200 mg dill oil and parsley oil ∕kg of rats ) showing no histopathological changes , Moreover , Kidney of rat fromgroup 4( which feeding on Standard diet + 200 mg parsley oil ∕kg of rats )showing hypertrophy, vacuolation and congestion of glomerular tuft,as well as showed that Kidney of rat from group 4( which feeding on Standard diet + 200 mg parsley oil ∕kg of rats ) showing no histopathological changes , Kidney of rat from group 5( which feeding on Standard diet + 400 mg parsley oil ∕kg of rats ) showing no histopathological changes, Kidney of rat from group 6( which feeding on Standard diet + 400 mg dill oil and parsly oil ∕kg of rats ) showing congestion of glomerular tuft, however , Kidney of rat from group 7( control + ) showing atrophy of glomerular tuft with distension of Bowman’s space, Kidney of rat from group 7 ( control + ) showing presence of protein cast in the lumen of renal tubules , Kidney of rat from group 8( control -) showing the normal histological structure of renal parenchyma, Kidney of rat from group 8 (control -) showing the normal histological structure of renal parenchyma