الفهرس 
1 Plant parts (Herbs/spices/by-products)Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
this organ plays numerous important metabolic functions, such the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, the production of plasma proteins, and the synthesis of bile, 2) nutrients derived from intestinal absorption are stored in hepatocytes and released for further catabolism by other tissues, 3) the yolk protein, vitellogenin, destined for incorporation into the oocyte, is synthesized entirely within the liver, 4) it is the major site of the cytochrome P450-mediated, mixedfunction oxidase system, and, while this system inactivates or detoxifies some xenobiotics, it activates others to their toxic forms, and 5) bile synthesized by hepatocytes aids in the digestion of fatty acids and carries conjugated metabolites of toxicants into the intestine for excretion or intrahepatic recirculation (Voet and Voet, 1990 and Maton et al., 1993). It that means, the liver is responsible for many critical functions within the body and should it become diseased or injured, the loss of those functions can cause significant damage to the body. kidney perform the essential function of removing waste products from the blood and regulating the water fluid levels. The kidneys receive blood through the renal artery. The blood is passed through the structure of the kidneys called nephrons, where waste products and excess water pass out of the blood stream. Kidney disease occurs when the nephrons inside the kidneys, which act as blood filters are damaged. This leads to the build up of waste and fluids inside the body (NKUDIC, 2012). Drug overdoses, accidental or from chemical overloads of drugs such as antibiotics or chemotherapy, may also cause the onset of acute kidney failure. Overuse of common drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen (paracetamol) can also cause chronic kidney damage, chronic kidney disease (CKD) (Perneger et al., 1994). The modern pharmacological therapy is costly and associated with multiple side effects resulting in patient non-compliance. Thus there is a need to explore alternative therapies particularly from herbal sources as these are cost effective and possess minimal side effects. Therefore, in this study, we examined the potential for different plant parts to work together to improve organs function namely liver and kidney of rats treated with CCl4 or arginine.