الفهرس 
Chapter 1 - IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In today’s oil and gas industry, Natural gas is valuable both as a clean source of energy and as a chemical feedstock. Before reaching the customer, it has to pass several processing steps. These steps are partly necessary to be able to transport the gas over long distances and partly necessary for the recovery of valuable components contained in the gas. Oil and gas companies are demanding more in terms of operational flexibility, plant automation, reduced project cycle and optimization. The successful gas processors in the business climate will be those who can tailor the performance of their NGL / LPG recovery plant to maximize product margins as market conditions change, while still maintaining efficient operation. The gas plant in bottle NGL / LPG recovery processes described in these papers are the next generation of processes for reducing capital costs and operating costs while still maintaining maximum process flexibility, efficiency and product recovery. LNG plant design is based on steady-state process simulation. This approach typically does not take into account rotating equipment characteristics, holdups or actual pressure drops. However, Process Dynamic Simulation is also being employed as a technology enabled solution to meet these challenges. The use of a dynamic process simulator is required to understand actual plant transients and dynamics, to examine and verify control schemes, and to review plant procedures. Performing engineering studies with simulation is becoming a critical requirement for new liquefied natural gas (LNG) plants. Typically, engineering studies using the simulation can identify design changes that will significantly improve plant performance and the safety and reliability of plant operations. Furthermore, if such design changes are identified early, they can be implemented at a low cost and provide significant savings during a plant’s lifetime. These studies describe the simulation and optimization analysis of NGL recovery process from natural gas using the HYSYS computer software. The simulations are employed to assess the economics and to find the optimum operating conditions and the operational flexibility in the process technology for NGL recovery process and feasibility of using Single Colum Overhead Recycle Process (SCORE) instead of Improved Overhead Recycle Process (IOR) which is already used in the NGL extraction unit at United Gas Derivatives Company (UGDC) in Port Said at Egypt. These simulation studies are employed to assess and investigate both the existing NGL recovery unit IOR and SCORE and compare between them includes the following performance items: The flexibility of each process for handling different natural gas compositions, the flexibility of each process with changing the demithanzer column temperature. Differentiate between total power consumption of the two units for each case under investigation, Estimate the cost of both process repressed by fixed and operating costs, and assess the economic potential of SCORE over the existing IOR unit. The results which can be withdrawn from the study are the following: · IOR process is more flexible than SCORE process in the case of changing the natural gas feed composition from very rich to very lean gas. · IOR process can accommodate change in feed gas composition change from lean gas range (0.91806-0.9620) to rich gas range (0.91806-0.784) although, SCORE process can accommodate only from lean gas range (0.91806-0.9356) to rich gas range (0.91806-0.8511) based on methane mole fraction. · At normal operating conditions, changing the demethanizer column temperature by both increasing to reject ethane (more sales gas production) or decreasing to recover ethane (more propane stream production ) has a more effective in production efficiency ( increasing production with less effect on total power ) in IOR more than SCORE . · At normal operating conditions, the Fixed Capital Investment and operating cost for SCORE process is LESS by 25.67E+06 $ / year than Fixed Capital Investment and operating cost for IOR process. · At normal operating conditions, the total production profit for SCORE process is MORE by 10.787E+06 $ / year than total production profit for IOR process. · SCORE is the technology of choice for plants where high recovery and maximum efficiency are of great importance.