الفهرس 
AcknowledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the postoperative pain after manual and rotary instrumentation using the ProTaper Universal system (Dentsply Maillefer, Tulsa Dental, TN, USA) for one visit root canal treatment in mandibular posterior teeth at certain time points: Preoperative, after 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 7
days postoperatively, using numerical rating scale (NRS).