الفهرس 
Ballast Water Management on Ships ”Requirements and Operational aspects”Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Several years ago vessels were made from steel hulled; water has been used as ballast to stabilize vessels at sea.If the ship sailed without cargo or was unloaded its cargo,it has to be compensated with water in its tanks to help for equilibrium (ballast water) and sail safely,but it may pose serious ecological, economic and health problems due to the multitude of marine hurmful species carried in ships’ ballast water. The transferred species may survive to establish a reproductive population in the host environment, becoming invasive, out-competing native species and multiplying into pest proportions.
Global and international response to this topic prevents the transfer of alien and harmful organisms in the balance water via high responsibility and effective cooperation of governments ,economic bodies ,non-governmental bodies ,international organizations, and demanding the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea system of states to work together to control and prevent or reduce and control pollution of the marine environment, including dealings with objects exotic and harmful in the balance water.
The research focuses on one subject matter of the practical administrative challenges considerations in managing ballast water, and how to overcome by placing specific duties to the port relevant departments to carry on the implementation measures in accordance with the Convention on water balance management issued by( IMO) as well as with other international obligations and relevant national pertaining policies, especially with regard to alien and harmful organisms which enter the marine environment through the water balance.
This search can be useful for the role of the maritime transport sector and the Ministry of Environment in fulfilling the compliance of Egypt in this regard through the following:
Investigating the challenges hampering the structure & content of BW instructions to be applied by Ships & local Port authorities.
Discussing the role of the lead agency as EEAA, MTS, Fisheries authority and Health Ministry…etc.
Establishing clear & precise proposal for the measures to develop, implement & manage procedures for BWM in Ships & Marine Ports.
Clarifying the expected role of EEAA, MTS, and Ports authority, Fisheries and Beaches Protection agency, Ministry of Health and other relevant bodies.
Strengthening the MTS control by sending firmer requirements, instructions to Ports & Ships.
Encouraging Stakeholders to participate and provide contributions with EEAA & MTS in completing local regulations to satisfy all parties.
The research focuses on the practical & administrative considerations in managing BW, controlling Ships & Ports by MTS via sending strict “requirements, instructions & guidelines” of BWM and follow-up implementation upon monthly reports received from Ships & Ports to (MTS).
Indicating the importance of training courses for Ships & Ports on BWM to be organized by MTS & EEAA.
Hope MTS and EEAA can use the proposed model in the research, while developing a National Action Plan to manage ballast water.
EEAA as an Environmental legislative Ministry should set up a special law for BW in its annex as regulations, roles & penalties in case of Ship’s violations in Ships & Ports.