الفهرس 
NORMAL BREAST ANATOMY
Dense Breasts PathologyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide among
women, and is the second cause of death due to cancer among
women. Breast density is one of the strongest risk factors to
develop breast cancer, it may increase the likelihood of having
breast malignancy up to six folds. Mammography plays a pivotal
role in cancer detection and follow-up, one of the most important
limitations of mammography is that its diagnostic performance
depends heavily on breast density. To overcome this limitation,
new techniques developed, Dual-energy contrast-enhanced
mammography is one of the latest developments and seems to be
the most promising approach for routine clinical use. It is feasible,
easily accomplished and interpreted and well tolerated.
It is superior to conventional mammography as it provides
functional assessment of tumor angiogenesis which is additional to
morphological findings. To date DE CEDM has been valuable in
increasing the cancer detection rate in dense breasts, improving
staging and improving the selection of patients for biopsy. In
addition, its diagnostic performance might match that of the most
accurate breast imaging modality available to date: breast MRI. So
that it is particularly helpful for the assessment of lesion size,multifocality of breast cancer and patient follow up for tumor
recurrence after surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
One of the major clinical applications for dual-energy CEDM
is its use as a “problem-solving” tool in cases of equivocal
mammographic and ultrasound assessments, and so it may be
considered as a screening modality in high-risk young women.
In conclusion, Dual-energy contrast enhanced digital
mammography is a potentially important imaging tool in detecting
and diagnosing breast cancer especially in dense breasts. It might
be an alternative imaging method for MRI, especially when MRI
availability is limited or contraindicated.