الفهرس 
Introduction
Congenital Heart DiseasesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Childhood anaemia poses a major public health issue leading to an increased risk of child mortality, as well as the negative consequences of iron-deficiency anaemia on cognitive and physical development. At its special session on children in 2003, the United Nations General Assembly set a goal to reduce the prevalence of anaemia by one third by 2010 (WHO, 2004). Despite this, the incidence of anaemia in children aged under 5 between 1990 and 2010 has actually increased (Kassebaum et al., 2013).
Several studies have linked between anemia and congenital heart diseases in infants, children and adults, in our study we aimed to detect the prevalence of undiagnosed anemia and its type among children with congenital heart diseases.
This was case control study, carried out in Ain Shams University children Hospital – cardiology clinic, from May 2015 to November 2015, included 80 children who attended to the outpatient clinic, they have been divided into 2 equal groups; cases group (40 children) who have congenital heart disease and came for follow up, and control group (40 children) who were apparently healthy, age & sex were matched in both groups.
All patients with congenital heart diseases who attended the outpatient cardiology clinic had been included in the study group, and patients who had previous total corrective surgery, patients taking iron supplements, patients with known hematological diseases or megaloblastic anemia and children with chronic or systemic illness had been excluded.
After verbal consent taking from the parents, taking history, performing clinical examination and sample taking, collected samples had been sent to the laboratory and results were analyzed.
Complete blood picture (CBC), Ferritin level, Serum Iron, and TIBC were performed for all participants (Patients and Control). Each arm in the study contained 40 children. Patients group was subdivided into cyanotic group (13 patients); 6 males and 7 females, and acyanotic group (27 patients); 15 males and 12 females. Furthermore, patients group were subdivided into anemic group (28 patients); 14 males and 14 females, and non-anemic (12 patients). Control group were divided into anemic group (18 children); 12 males and 6 females, and non-anemic (22 children). Cases group is subdivided into cyanotic group (13 cases) and acyanotic (27 cases) group. Among our patients group the following diseases were detected: VSD 10 cases, ASD 9 cases, Fallot tetralogy 8 cases, A-V canal 4 cases, TGA 3 cases, Aortic stenosis 2 cases, Coarctation of aorta 1 case, PDA 1 case, PS 1 case, TAPVR 1 case.
Analysis of anemia shows that 70% of cases group were anemic while 40% of control group were anemic and Odd’s ratio was 3.50 and P value was 0.008 which clarifies that there is positive significant risk between presence of anemia and congenital heart diseases. Among Control group, analysis of anemia between males and females show that 6 (31.5%) female children had anemia while males children were 12 (57.1%) patient, which clarified that males were more liable to have anemia that females. Among patients group, analysis of anemia between males and females showed that 14 (73.7%) females children had anemia and males children were 14 (66.7%) patient, which clarified that males with CHD were equal to have anemia as females with CHD. Among patients group, analysis of cyanosis between males and females shows that 7 (36.8%) females children had cyanosis and males children were 6 (28.6%) patient, which clarified that males were lightly less liable to have anemia than females.
Among both groups; Patients and Control, analysis of anemia shows that 70% of cases group were anemic while 40% of control group were anemic and Odd’s ratio was 3.50 and P value was 0.008 which clarifies that there is positive significant risk between presence of anemia and congenital heart diseases.