الفهرس 
Identification of rose varieties
History of roseOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The study aimed to improve some commercial rose varieties using biotechnology. To achieve this aim, the work was performed in three steps including identification of rose varieties, in vitro propagation of rose and improvement of rose via somaclonal variation. Identification of 15 rose varieties was carried out based on morphological and molecular characterization. Both morphological and RAPD markers were able to classify the studied varieties according to their morphological characteristics and genetic similarities. The study of relationships among 11 tested morphological characteristics allowed the selection of three ones as pertinent parameters allowing rose classification. An efficient protocol was established for in vitro propagation of hybrid tea rose. After the study of several factors, the best results were obtained by the cultivation of 1 cm nodal segments in Petri dishes containing modified MS medium including 1/2 MS macronutrients, 2 g l-1 active charcoal, 2% sucrose, 1 mg l-1 IAA, 0.5 mg l–1 TDZ and 10 mg l–1 AgNo3 and the maintain of cultures under 25°C, 60% humidity and 16h day. The presence of cytokinin was essential for elongation and IBA was better than IAA for rooting. The established protocol was successfully applied on some studied varieties. Study of plant regeneration from leaf discs and improvement via somaclonal variation. The study provided several improvements to rose. The classification of rose could be performed using three morphological characteristics only which could allow the rapid classification of a huge number of rose varieties. The morphological and genetic classification gave solid identification of rose and the similarity found between the two methods gives the choice to select any of them. The classification of rose varieties could be used for the selection of different varieties for commercial production besides its possible use in breeding programs. The established in vitro propagation protocol is efficient and rapid enough to be used for mass production and further improvement of rose. It is also and applicable to be applied on another varieties for their improvement using biotechnology. Rose improvement was studied throughout the establishment of regeneration system from leaf discs, the study of plant regeneration from callus, and the induction of variability using PEG. The study of different factors to optimize regeneration protocol resulted in the selection of the optimum conditions for plant regeneration from leaf discs of hybrid tea rose “Eiffel Tower”. The protocol was to cultivate in vitro leaf discs on ½ MS basal medium (BM) containing 2 mg l-1 activated charcoal, 20 g sucrose, 10 mg l-1 silver nitrate and the PGR combination 0.5 mg l-1 NAA + 0.5 mg l-1 BA +1 mg l-1 GA3 followed by maintaining cultures at dark for three weeks, before transferring to light. This system allowed the regeneration of somatic embryos and shoots from 36% of explants. The studies on regeneration from callus resulted on the selection of the best conditions for callus development but no shoots were obtained. The study of somaclonal variation using PEG resulted in the selection of the levels 1 or 2% as the best ones allowing the highest calli survival. The obtained results could present basis for further improvement of roses