الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Female genital mutilation (FGM) also termed female circumcision (FC) and female genital cutting (FGC), Female circumcision the world health organization (WHO) define it as all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs whether for cultural, religious or other non-therapeutic reasons(Obermeyer,1999(. More than 125 million girls and women alive today have been cut in the 29 countries in Africa and Middle East where FGC is high(WHO,2014)In Egypt, the practice was nearly universal(El-gibaly et al.,2002) -( Tag-eldin et al.,2008).It is typically performed to girls between the ages of eight and fourteen, preferably before the onset of puberty(UNICEF, 2013) –( The population council, 2011).Notably, there is increase in its ”medicalization” in which the circumcision is performed by a health professional(UNICEF, 2013)-(Yoder, 2013). FGM has no health benefits, and it harms girls and women in many ways, it involves removing and damaging healthy and normal female genital tissue, and interferes with the natural functions of girls and women’s bodies. Immediate complication can include sever pain, shock, hemorrhage (bleeding), tetanus or sepsis (bacterial infection), urine retention, open sores in the genital region and injury to nearby genital tissue. Long term consequences can include recurrent bladder and urinary tract infection, cysts, infertility and the need for later surgeries (WHO,2014). The objective of these study was to Asses the prevalence of female genital mutilation among females attending Mnwahla family health unit and to assess the knowledge and attitude of women toward FGM, and the reasons of continuing the practice. Methodology; It‘s a cross-sectional study, The study was conducted in the context of time frame of three months (from the beginning of March, 2015 to the end of May, 2015) .The study was conducted in the primary health care unit in Mnwahla, Elbarour district, Menofia governorate. Sample size was estimated; four hundred married Women were interviewed & assessed .they were selected from attendant to Mnwahla family health unit. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 and the results expressed in descriptive statistics as percentages. Questionnairecontaining questions to obtain basic sociodemographic characteristics after obtaining their informed verbal consent, knowledge about and attitude towards FGM. It was as follow; first part sociodemographic characters 13 questions three of them personal history, nine sociodemographic data, one question about marital history. Seven questions about circumcision to asses knowledge about circumcision, types, steps, complications, and source of information. Six question to asses attitude toward circumcision and motives behind female circumcision. Questions to assess experience about operation and sexual life score, and frequency of circumcision among their daughters. Results ; These married women were representing all socioeconomic state level, the low SES was the most prevalent 45.5% the prevalence of the practice was 83.2%. By assessment of the studied subject‘s knowledge about female circumcision, it was found that 66% of them who had a sufficient answer about its types complication, procedure and prohibition 64.3% of them circumcised and 74.6% of them uncircumcised. 34% had incomplete answers 35.7% of them circumcised and 25.4% uncircumcised. The studied subjects depend mainly on media as a source of their knowledge (64.2%). Most of the studied subjects opposing the practice 65.2% and 34.8% support the practice, the main reason for supporting was keeping female chastity 53.8%, while the main reasons for opposition were fear of complications and thinking it was not important (both were 21.2%). Keeping girl chastity was the main motive as reported by interviewed women 35.2%, behind the continuation of this practice followed by keeping traditions 33.8%. Only 10.8% of circumcised women who suffered of post-circumcision complications .wound compression was done in 42.3% of circumcised mothers decreased to 22% among daughters. Post-circumcision stitches appear as a method to guard against bleeding in 37.3% of circumcised daughters. Home operations were predominantly 57% but decreased to 29% among circumcised daughter. The mean age at circumcision among mothers was 10.7±1.2 years which not changed much among daughter 10.1±1.5, 96.8% of daughter circumcised by medical personnel. Mother was the main decision maker. There was significant difference in sexual history between circumcised and non-circumcised women. The approach to reduce this practice should be gradual away from coercive pressure of the international organization. Handling with this problem must be consciously, wisely, patiently, respecting public‘s believes.