الفهرس 
? Anatomy of the noseOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Nasal reconstruction has always been a challenge for plastic surgeons. The goals for reconstructing deformities of the face acquired secondary to skin tumors include optimizing donor-site aesthetics and reconstructing the area with similar types of tissue when possible. Adoption of the principle of nasal subunits for reconstruction gives satisfactory aesthetic outcomes. The management of nasal defects after tumor excision is influenced by several factors including histology, location, staging, and previous treatment regimens employed. These characteristics define the degree of tumor control and therefore the reconstruction. The size and location of the defect as well as the availability of adjacent skin are further factors to be considered. The patients’ age, co-morbidities and aesthetic goals must also be included in the decision making process. There are 2 general principles that should not be forgotten: First before reconstruction of any surgical defect left by skin cancer, it is essential to be certain that the margins are tumor free; and second in full-thickness defects of the nose, we must restore the cartilaginous support and internal lining of the nose to preserve adequate function and aesthetic result. The forehead is acknowledged to be one of the best, if not the best, donor sites for nasal reconstruction. It is versatile with good color and texture match. The paramedian forehead flap enables excellent cosmetic and functional results to be achieved in the reconstruction of nasal defects over 1.5 cm in diameter, particularly when associated with loss of cartilage or in the full-thickness defects of the nasal wall. Nasolabial flap has a robust vascularity, simple and time saving. The proximity to the recipient defects, the best colour match and the satisfactory contour created from the relatively hairless areas utilized from the nasolabial fold are the other major advantages of the technique. Mucoperichondial hing flaps for nasal lining reconstruction are the best option as they are thin, pliable and highly vascular. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of the skin cancer in malignant tumor pathology of the nose. It spreads locally and does not metastasize. It grows very slowly but in condition with incorrect treatment, after a period can expand rapidly to the surrounding structures.