الفهرس 
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Abstract
low back pain (LBP) is a serious medical and social problem, and one of the most common causes of disability, and nearly everyone at some point suffer from LBP that interfere with work and recreational activities .Nearly everyone get LBP at least once in their lifetime, making the effective treatment of this common complaint become of widespread interest .It is the most common reason for middle-aged people to visit their family doctor.
Most causes of back pain responded to symptomatic and physical measures, but some are surgically remediable and some have systemic diseases (cancer or disseminated infection) requiring specific therapy, so careful diagnostic evaluation is important.
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of LBP and detection of risk factors of LBP.
It was a case control nested in cross sectional study that was conducted in Nuse -Gheit village.
Target population:
Population aged 18-60 years (male and female) attending Nusa-Gheit family health center, El-Dakahlia governorate-Egypt with calculated sample size 154participants.
An interview questionnaire was used to collect the necessary data which include the following:-
1) Socio- economic demographic data
2) Work related factors data.
3) Questions about the characteristics of low back
Summary
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4) Disability assessment due to LBP using Roland -Mirror disability questionnaire
5) Associated symptoms for other system affection.
The history taking followed by general & local examination that to confirm diagnosis and to assess BMI &possible risk factors.
Results:
The study stated that the prevalence of low back pain was 53.2%. It was found that more than half of patients with LBP (62.8%) were females. And the majority of patients with LBP (100%) were divorced/window. Finally about (63.4%) of patients with LBP had middle SES.
There was significant relationship between prevalence of LBP and both Gender (P =0.003) and BMI, for Obesity class I (P=0.002), for Obesity class II (P =0.02) and for Obesity class III (P =0.03). The majority were (62.8%) female, (60.6%) age ≥ 40, and (63.4%) middle SES.
Regarding life style factors , there was significant relation between prevalence of LBP and smoking (P =0.01) , also the highest percentage (95.1%) for those with lifting heavy object as an exaggerating factor for LBP followed by bending (84.1%) , standing (80.5%) ,sitting (72.0%) and laying on the left side(54.9%) .Also, there was significant effect of LBP on work absentees with (67.9%) for absentees more than three days.
About half of patients 50 % reported duration of pain less than 6 weeks (acute LBP) .Regarding the course about (50.6%) of patients with LBP had increase progressive course. More than half of patients with LBP (54.9%) had gradual onset .About (48.8%) of patient had
pin or needle pain in character, also more than half of LBP patients (58.5%) reported radiation of pain to other areas, most of them radiating to the thigh (32.9%). As regard apparent cause for LBP, (56.1%) due to lifting heavy objects.
Regarding Roland Morris LBP disability questionnaire in the presenting study, the mean score was 7.13±1.9.
There was positive correlation between RM Score and both age, BMI (P= 0.549, 0.323) with statically significant difference (p<0.05) and negative correlation with El -Gilany SES with statically significant difference (p<0.05). Also, there was significant correlation between degree of disability and marital status (p value=0.009), but there was no correlation between degree of disability and each of occupation and education.
Regarding treatment regimen, there was highly statically significant for those using cupping (P=0.009), massage and cortisone plaster (P=0.004)and also there was statically significant for using medical treatment ,Back plaster (P<0.001) and for back strap(P=0.001) .
Conclusion:
This study showed that LBP was highly prevalent among female, older age, window/divorced and obese individuals. Also smoking, lifting heavy objects, bending, prolonged standing or sitting had a significant effect on LBP to the point that it compromised patients’ daily lives, work habits and work absentees significantly.
Recommendations:
According to the results of the current study, we can recommend the following:
1. Primary health care physicians should use the evidence base strategy in diagnosing and management of LBP.
2. Full history and physical examination of the loco motor system is essential in diagnosing LBP.
3. Integration of topic related to diagnosis, management referral indication in Egyptian national guideline for family physician
4. Awareness should be raised about the magnitude of the problem.
5. Awareness should be raised about risk factors of LBP.