الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study investigates the long-term shoreline changes through the analysis of shoreline locations and application of numerical models. As a case study, this research focuses on El-Burullus sector of the Nile Delta coast, which covers the central bulge of the delta extending from the Damietta Port to end of the eastern flank of Rosetta promontory with a length of 130 km. Three problematic areas were specified along the study area with serious shoreline problems to be investigated by numerical modeling. All the relevant meteorological, oceanographic and morphological data of El-Burullus sector were assembled and analyzed in order to determine the factors influencing its coastal processes. The historical shorelines at the investigated sites were automatically extracted from Land-sat and Google satellite images over 10 years from 2004 to 2014 with unequal time intervals. The extracted shorelines were quantitatively investigated to determine the historic shoreline evolution trends. The numerical model MIKE21-NSW was utilized to estimate the deep-water waves of the Nile Delta coast then to calculate the nearshore wave characteristics at the investigated sites. Successively, the model LITPACK was applied to simulate the morphological conditions along the three specified sites in order to predict the future shoreline changes and to investigate different solution alternatives.
The results showed that the previous confined non-integrated handling of the erosion problem east of El-Burullus city caused the creation of severe chain-reaction erosion that affected the previously stable downdrift zone. Hence, a system of six detached breakwaters, each 300 m long with varying spacing, is suggested for the restoration and protection of the entire coastal reach between El-Burullus city and Baltim. Also it was predicted that the severe erosion east of Kitchener drain outlet, which resulted from the sediments blockage effect of the massive protection system at Baltim, will continue through the next decade. Therefore, s system of five groins, each 200 m long and with 600 m spacing, is suggested for the protection and the restoration of the eroded shoreline. Finally, a sand bypassing system is suggested updrift the western breakwater of El-Burullus port with an estimated annual dredging rate of 300,000 m3 to stabilize the shoreline and prevent any further accretion that may threaten the port entrance.