الفهرس 
Anatomy of t he shoulder girdleOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The shoulder joint is anatomically complex, with numerous structures contributing to both mobility and stability of the joint.
Shoulder pain is a common complaint which may be caused by rotator cuff disorders, bony lesions, joint disorders, nerve lesions, or even referred from cervical pathology.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of ultrasonography in the assessment of the most important non osseous pathology causing shoulder pain.
Ultrasound (US) of the shoulder is the most commonly requested examination in musculoskeletal US diagnosis. US examination of the shoulder is rotator cuff and biceps tendon pathology (tenosynovitis, tendinosis, complete and partial tears, and impingement) and disorders of other soft-tissue structures (joint recesses, bursae, muscles, suprascapular)
Sports injuries and degenerative and inflammatory processes are the main sources of shoulder pain and functional limitations. Because of its availability, low cost, dynamic examination process, absence of radiation exposure, allows for easy comparison between the affected shoulder and the contralateral side and ease of patient compliance, US is the preferred mode for shoulder imaging over other, more sophisticated, and expensive methods.
Dynamic imaging and color/power Doppler US add information unavailable through MRI and arthrography. US guidance adds the benefits of accuracy and safety in interventional procedures such as anesthetic and steroid injections.
MRI was considered to be a reliable technique for the evaluation, detecting the varied manifestations of biceps tendon pathology and helps to evaluate the adjacent frequently injured shoulder structures, labral capsular ligamentous complex lesions can be diagnosed by MRI but subtle lesions are better visualised after intra-articular injection of contrast media and subsequent distension of capsule.
MRI provides a static evaluation of the shoulder, much more expensive, In addition to the limitation of the MRI examination which could be related to the patient e.g. claustrophobia, however, open magnet MRI and sedation were substitutive solutions to this problem .Yet, some problems are still present specially in patients with pace –maker prosthesis insertion.
In post-operative rotator cuff with metal insertion and the magnetic effect of the MRI field was to some extent, problematic, however the use of inert (non Ferro-magnetic materials) was a good option.