الفهرس 
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Abstract
Newborn, or neonatal, deaths account for 40% of all deaths among children under five. The majority of neonatal deaths (75%) occurs during the first week of life, and between 25% to 45% occur within the first 24 hours However, there is limited epidemiological information on levels and clinical causes of neonatal and postneonatal deaths from developing countries, although such information is readily available for developed countries. Through a co-ordinate program of research, education, and quality improvement, EGNN holds a standardized database for patients admitted in neonatal care units that are members in the network, those data will be introduces into EGNN database, this helps researchers to participate in collaborative projects on a national and international level with the aim of improving the efficacy and efficiency of neonatal care in Egypt.
This was a survey study of the cases admitted to Neonatal intensive care unit of Benha children Hospital from April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2015 using the Egyptian neonatal network. The data includes patient’ admission data (e.g. demographic data, neonatal measurements and maternal history), NICU stay data (e.g. average duration of stay, requirements for assisted ventilation, surgical interference, and development of a complications) and discharge data (e.g. clinical outcome).
The total number of cases admitted to NICU of Benha children Hospital was 837 neonates, 468 cases were male and 369 cases were females, with mean hospital stay of (12.10 ± 14.33 days).
Prenatal care was present in 82.8%, history of multiple births was present in 12.3% of cases, mothers received antenatal steroids in 36.9% of cases 36.3 of them received dexamethathone the other received betamethathone, cases delivered by Cesarean section represent 72.2%, cases delivered vaginally were 27.8%. Neonates were all out born with 53.9% delivery at hospitals, 45.8% at private clinics and 0.4% at home.
The most frequent cause of admission was jaundice (73.7%) followed by prematurity (37.4%), neonatal sepsis (21.3%) and then respiratory causes (17.6%). Inborn error of metabolism and renal cases were the least common (0.2%).
Phototherapy was the primary management in all cases of neonatal jaundice (89.4%), exchange transfusion was performed in 1.9 of jaundiced cases
Transient tachypnea of neoborne (71 cases) accounts for 36.1 of respiratory causes of admission followed by RDS (53 cases) accounts for 48.3% of respiratory causes (total incidence 6%), and Pneumonia (23 cases) accounts for 15.6 of respiratory causes.
Intracranial hemorrhage was present in 21 cases, 5 cases have severe IVH. Severe IVH was mostly presented in the birth weight (1001 - 1500) group Incidence of total anomalies was 2.9%, congenital heart defects were the most common anomalies.
The most common organisms recovered from blood cultures were Klebsiella (4.7%) followed by staph aureus (1.2%)while the least common organism was Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Cambylobacter species (each one case, 0.1 %). amikin showed the highest sensitivity (3.8%), while ceftazidime and piperacilin showed the least sensitivity (0.1%).
Respiratory failure is the most common cause of death (52.8%) followed by sepsis. the highest mortality was among ELBW group, followed by VLBW group and among extremely preterm infants (24-26) weeks. The cause of admission affects the clinical outcome significantly in some diagnoses as the highest mortality was found in prematurity, sepsis and respiratory illness.There were no significant effect of gender, mode of delivery, Birth location on clinical outcome While some procedures as, the use of conventional ventilation for more than 7 days, CVL application, duration of hospital stay significantly increased the mortality. There is significant relationship between pneumothorax and prematurity, low birth weight and ventilation duration.
There is significant relationship between sepsis and prematurity, mode of delivery, duration of ventilation and duration of hospital stay.