الفهرس 
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Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most challenging health problems of the 21st century with an alarming increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated conditions such as hypertension, dyslipidemias and obesity.
Adipose tissue is now considered to be a large endocrine gland that takes part in the regulation of diverse biological functions. The communication between adipose tissue and other biological systems is accomplished through the expression of a large number of bioactive mediators that are collectively called ‘adipokines’.
Adiponectin is a 30 kDa protein produced and secreted almost exclusively by adipocytes. Human adiponectin gene spans 17 kb on chromosome 3, locus 3q27, and is comprised of three exons with two introns.
The aim of this study is to investigate the association between SNPs 45 T/G of the adiponectin gene with serum adiponectin level, and occurrence of T2DM.This will allow proper management and genetic counseling for the high risk carrier.
This study was conducted on 40 patients with T2DM, and 40 healthy controls. They were recruited from the Internal Medicine Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University.
All patients subjected to:
1- Complete history taking and full clinical examination.
2- Calculation of body mass index (BMI).
3- Laboratory investigations, that included the measurement of:
A- Fasting blood Glucose.
B- 2 hour postprandial blood glucose.
C- Lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL,LDL).
D- Fasting insulin level with calculation of HOMA-IR.
E- Serum adiponectin.
4- Molecular studies for adiponectin 45 T\G gene polymorphism.
The results of the current study revealed the following:
1- In patients group there were two patients (5%) with mutant GG genotype, while no one of the control group (0%) had shown mutant GG genotype.
2- The wild type TT genotype were more frequent in control group (57.5 %) than in patients group (55 %), and approximately similar percent were found for heterozygous TG in patients and controls, (40 %) & (42.5 %) respectively.
3- There were no significance differences when compared the genotypes & alleles frequencies between patients and controls.
4- The BMI was significantly higher in TG\GG genotypes when compared to TT genotypes in T2DM group, while in control group there were no significant differences.
5- There were no statistical differences in lipid profile between genotypes for patients & controls.
6- There were no significant differences in HOMA-IR between genotypes for patients & controls.
7- Serum Adiponectin level was somewhat lower in patients with (TG\GG) genotypes than controls, but the difference did not reach to statistical significance.
8- The adiponectin SNP 45T\G may neither associated with serum Adiponectin level or T2DM in Egyptian population.
To confirm our present results a larger sample size with examining the frequency of different polymorphisms in ADIPOQ gene is needed.