الفهرس 
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Abstract
Water is a fundamental challenge to peoples, which known as blue gold. The treatment of groundwater, especially the removal of heavy metals is currently an important environmental issue due to their formation of complexes with natural organic matter, toxic effects even at low concentrations. So, it is necessary to develop various efficient technologies for their removal. Nanotechnology enabled water and wastewater treatment promise to not only overcome major challenges faced by existing treatment technologies, but also to provide new treatment capabilities that could allow economic utilization of unconventional water sources to expand the water supplies.
In this work, fife adsorbents were prepared which are Fe3O4-alginate nanocomposite beads, NiFe2O4-alginate nanocomposite beads, nano-Fe3O4, nano-NiFe2O4 and Ca-alginate beads. The nature of the prepared adsorbents were characterized using X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Dynamic light scattering spectroscopy (DLS), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA).The prepared adsorbents were used for the removal of Fe2+, Mn2+ and Cu2+ from aqueous solutions with optimizing the adsorption process by response surface methodology. Also, the kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic properties of the prepared materials were studied, and the results revealed that all adsorbents were fitted well with pseudo-second order model. As well as fitted well with langmuire isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacities of 105.3, 280 and 74.1mg/g for the removal of Fe2+, Mn2+ and Cu2+, respectively, with Fe3O4-alginate nanocomposite beads. And maximum adsorption capacities of 158.4, 228.6 and 93.51mg/g for the removal of Fe2+, Mn2+ and Cu2+ respectively, with NiFe2O4-alginate nanocomposite beads at 318K. Also the prepared nanocomposite beads are used for the removal of heavy metal ions from groundwater samples collected from El-Rahawy, south Al-Dabaa and El-Farafra.