الفهرس 
Development of Male Genital SystemOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
ale sexual differentiation is critically depend on the normal action of androgens, and unbalanced
androgen/estrogen ratio can disturb it.
Evaluation of external genitalia is an important part of the physical examination of the newborn child. A penis of “inadequate” size in a male newborn alerts the clinicians in cases of potentially life-threatening abnormalities and can cause parental anxiety. Consideration of the expected phallic size in the newborn enables the detection and objective definition of abnormalities such as micropenis and ambiguous genitalia. Micropenis may be the only outward manifestation of a hypothalamus-pituitary axis disorder with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies.
The aim of this work was to determine normal reference ranges of total and free serum testosterone in normal Egyptian full term male neonates.
This observational study was done on 90 full term male neonates to healthy mother in the first day of life, delivered at Maternity Hospital, Ain Shams University.
Neonates was included after exclusion of any external abnormalities of external genitalia.
All included neonates were subjected to a detailed medical history with special emphasis on duration of pregnancy, maternal illnesses, history of any drug intake during pregnancy and mode of delivery, and through clinical examination with special emphasis on anthropometric measures including weight, length, stretched penile length, size of the testes and appearance of scrotum, stretched penile length was determined by measuring the distance from the penile base under the pubic symphysis to the tip of the glands., gentalia was examined for presence of any genital abnormalities.
An umbilical cord blood sample withdrawn at birth to assay total and free serum testosterone by ELISA.
56 neonates were delivered by cesarean section, 34 neonates were born vaginally. Mean birth weight was 3.200.40 kgs, with mean gestational age was 38.680.93 weeks, mean maternal age was 27.625.26 yrs, mean length was 48.982.33 cm and mean BMI was 13.36 kg/m².
The mean free testosterone level at birth was 13.768.67 pg/ml, and the mean total testosterone levels at birth was 1.981.35 ng/ml
Mean stretched penile length in the examined sample was
3.14 cm with standard deviation of 0.38
Among the whole sample, a penile length of less than
2.14 centimeters was considered micropenis (less than means by 2 SD).
In this study 8 neonates had gestational age less than 38 weeks, while 82 neonates had gestational age ≥38 weeks. No difference in penile length was found in those ˂ 38 weeks of gestation versus those ≥38 weeks.
Mode of delivery had no effect on anthropometric measurements, stretched penile length and free total testosterone.
There was a linear relationship between penile length and the length and weight of the newborn.
There was a linear relationship between total & free testosterone level of the newborn.
There was a positive correlation between free testosterone level and each of penile length and length of the newborn.
There was a positive correlation between testosterone level and each of penile length and length of the newborn.