الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
TB is aglobal health problem, which remains one of the deadliest diseases in the world, the world health organization in 2010, estimated that more than 8 million new cases occur and approximately 3 million person die from this disease yearly.
Although, many new diagnostic tools have been developed recently, for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB, their use is limited to developed countries because of their cost and technical requirements. Detection of AFB is still the initial step in the diagnosis of pulmonary TB, and isolation of M. tuberculosis remains the gold standard in its diagnosis.
Current diagnosis of pulmonary TB relies on clinical presentation, supported by laboratory investigations particularly direct smear and culture method. Direct smear is very fast and cheap method but it is lack of sensitivity (40-60%), since it relies a lot on the quality of samples and requires experience technologies to identify the acid fast bacilli. Culture method is more sensitive but requires longer incubation times. Thus, the development of a simple, cheap, fast and reliable antibody or antigen detection assay might be of great benefit for early disease detection and disease control.
VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), a soluble heparin-binding glycoprotein, is a cytokine with potent angiogenic properties, enhancing vascular permeability and modulating thrombogenicity. VEGF further serves as an endothelial cell survival factor, protecting endothelial cells against apoptosis and delaying endothelial cell senescence.