الفهرس 
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Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most frequent gynecological
malignancy in USA ranking the 4th among cancers in woman,
accounting for 3% of deaths yearly. In Egypt, EC represents 1.6% of
total female cancers ranking the 13th. It is the third most common
gynecological cancer after ovary and cervix constituting about 23%.
Endometrial adenocarcinoma is having two basic clinicopathologic
forms, type I and type II. Type I carcinomas are generally
well to moderately differentiated and account for 80% to 85% of all
endometrial carcinomas and usually arise on top atypical hyperplasia.
In contrast, type II represents about 20% of cases and usually occurs
in atrophic endometrium.
Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are oxygen-sensitive
transcription factors that allow adaptation to hypoxic environments.
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a nuclear protein that
activates gene transcripition specifically in response to reduced
cellular oxygen concentration and therefore acts as a marker for
hypoxia. It plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis, thus
promoting tumor cell proliferation and growth and also helps in
metastases.
The metabolism of glucose in tumor microenvironment is
changed from oxygen mitochondrial process to glycolysis. Expression
of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) was revealed to be regulated by
hypoxia in a HIF- 1-dependent manner under hypoxemic conditions,
which induces a shift in glucose metabolism towards glycolysis.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the immuneohistochemical
expression of HIF-1α and GLUT-1 in EC and its.