الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION
Sunflower cropsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Two field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Research Station of the Desert Research Center (DRC) at El-Kharga Oasison sandy clay loam soil.The aim of the study was to make use of the conditions prevailing in the New Valley governorateenvironment to produce plant oil which is lacking in it. To achieve this target, two oil producing crop plants were adopted; namely, sunflower (Helianthus annusL.) summer crop, and the other wascanola (Rape) (Brassica napus L.) winter crop. This study was carried out for two successive seasons during the two summer growing seasons of 2007, 2008 and two winter growing seasons of 2007-2008, 2008-2009 tothe sunflower and canola plants respectively tostudy the effect of biofertilization (mixed of two inoculants; Azotobacter,Bacillus megatherum) {with bio and without bio}; Nitrogen levels {30, 60 and 90 N/fed} as well as phosphorus {0, 15 and 45 P2O5/fed.} on sunflower and canola. The adopted sunflower variety was Hybrid Vidoc, while for canola the variety was Pactol.
The experiment was laid out in a split-split plot design with three replicates. Fertilization treatments were arranged in the main plots, nitrogen treatments were allocated in the sub plots, and phosphorus treatments occupied the sub-sub plots.
The important results obtained in this respect could be summarized as follows:
A:Sunflower Experiment:
1. Effect of biofertilizers, nitrogen and phosphorus treatments on nutrients content:
The statistical analysis of obtained data show that the application of biofertilizers (Azotobacter and B. megatherium )resulted in significant increases in N, Mn content in the first season, and increases in N, P, Fe and Mn in the second season. While, biofertilizers application were of nonsignificant effect on K and Zn content in shoots of sunflower in the two seasons.
The results obtained that nitrogen fertilization led to significant increases in macronutrients content ( N, P and K), as well as micronutrient ( Fe, Mn and Zn) in the two seasons.
The results showed that increasing P application levels had asignificant effect on P and K content, but a decreasing effect on N, Fe, Zn and Mn of sunflower plants. In case of P and K, increasing P fertilization levels from 0 to 45 kg P2O5/fed. resulted in significant increases, namely: P content from 0.17 % to 0.21 % and K from 2.30 % to 2.39% in the first season, and from 0.17% to 0.23% and K from 2.33% to 2.41% in the second season respectively.
2. Effect of biofertilizers, nitrogen and phosphorus treatments on growth, yield and yield components of sunflower:
The statistical analysis of obtained data show that the application of biofertilizer (Azotobacter and Bacillusmegatherium) had significant influence on plant height , head diameter , 1000-seed weight , seed yield , oil % in seeds and oil yield (kg/fed.) respectively in the second growing season. Plant height and 1000-seed were not significantly affected by adding biofertilizer in the first season (2007). Application of biofertilizer resulted in increases in seed yield (kg/fed.) and oil yield (/fed.) by 11.0%, 12% and 16.6% and 14% over the control in the first and second seasons respectively.
The nitrogen fertilization had significant influence on all parameters studied in the two seasons. Data show that increasing nitrogen level from 30 to 90 kg N/fed.led to significant increases in plant height by 28% and 26% in the first and in the second seasons respectively. On the other hand, head diameter significantly increased by 45% and 35.45% in the first and the second season respectively compared to the 30 kg N/fed.treatment. Increasing the applied nitrogen rate from 30 to 90 kg N/fed.was of highly significant influence on both seed and oil yields/fed.
The highest values of parameter studied (45kg P2O5/fed.) were recorded at the highest rate of phosphorus fertilizer in the two seasons in comparison to the control (0kg P2O5/fed.). Also, increasing the rate of phosphorus from zero to 15 kg P2O5/fed caused significant increases in the all parameters studied compared to the control (0 kg P2O5/fed).
3. Effect of biofertilizers, nitrogen and phosphorus treatments on N and P content in seeds of sunflower:
The resultsindicated that the application of biofertilizer, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers increase of N and P content in seed of sunflower increases with increases of nitrogen and phosphorus levels. The highest values of N and P content in seeds were recorded when 90 kg N/fed.or 45 kg P2O5/fed was added to followed by application biofertilizer treatment.
B. CanolaExperimental:
1- Effect of biofertilizers, nitrogen and phosphorus treatments on nutrients content of canola seeds:
The results show that the application of biofertilizers (Azotobacter and Bacillus megatherium ), had significant increases in N, Mn, and Fe content in the two seasons compared with uninoculoted treatment . But application biofertilizers were not significantly on P, K and Zn content in shoots of canola plants.
The results obtained that nitrogen fertilization had significant increases in all nutrient contents (N, P, K, Fe, Mn, and Zn) in the two seasons. The maximum values recorded at the 90 kg N/fed were significantly higher than those recorded at 30 and 60 kg-levels for nutrient content in two seasons.
The results show that increasing P application levels had a significant increases in N, P and K content, but a non significant increases in Fe, Mn and Zn content in the shoot of canola plants in the two seasons.
2- Effect of biofertilizers, nitrogen and phosphorus treatments on growth, yield and yield components of canola:
The statistical analysis of obtained data show that the application of biofertilizers had significant increases on oil % in seed and oil yield (kg/fed.) in the first season, while had non-significant increases on plant height, 1000-seed weight and seed yield. But, in the second season (2008) the results had non-significant increases in all plant growth, yield and yield components were measured.
The nitrogen fertilization had significant increases on all parameters studied in the two seasons. Data also, show that increasing nitrogen level from 30 to 90 kg N/fed.led to significant increases in plant height by 16.32 and 15.91% in the first and the second season respectively. On the other hand treatment of 90 kg N/fed. had a significantly increased in 1000-seed weight by 24.02% and 24.20% in the first and the second season respectively compared to the 30 kg N/fed.treatment.
Increasing phosphorus level from 0 to 45 kg P2O5/fed.led to significant increase in seed yield by 15.45% and 16.31% in the first and second season respectively. The highest values of parameter studied were recorded when the level 45 kg P2O5/fed.was added in the two seasons in comparison to the control (0 kg P2O5/fed.).
3- Effect of biofertilizers, nitrogen and phosphorus treatments on N and P content in seeds of canola:
The results indicated that application of biofertilizer was of non-significant increases on N content in seeds of canola plants in the two seasons. While, application of biofertilizer significantly increased on P content in seeds of canola in the two seasons. Increasing nitrogen or phosphorus fertilizers levels caused significant increases in both N and P content in the seeds of canola in the two seasons. The highest values of N and P content in seeds were recorded when 90kg N/fed.or 45 kg P2O5/fed.was added.