الفهرس 
Posttoperattiive paiinOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Patients undergoing major open colorectal surgery traditionally undergo prolonged rehabilitation during the postoperative period with profound changes in endocrine, metabolic, neural and pulmonary systems. Modern pain control after these major surgeries involves a number of different analgesic modalities. No single method has been shown to give appropriate analgesia without associated adverse effects. The benefits of well-controlled postoperative pain include early mobility which decreases the incidence of cardiopulmonary complications, hospital mortality, hospital stay, and cose. A promising modality that might help to improve postoperative analgesia is the relatively simple technique in which the surgeon directly places a catheter to infuse local anesthetic (LA) into wounds at the end of the procedure. This modality can be widely used, is technically efficient, and offers the potential to provide complete analgesia or to substantially reduce the need for opioids and their related side effects.
Infiltration of LA into the surgical wound is a simple, safe, and lowcost
technique for postoperative analgesia. Due to the local anesthetic application, transmission of pain from the wound is reduced, and the local inflammatory response to the injury is suppressed.