الفهرس 
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Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm. The discovery of cancer stem cells are thought to be a critical subpopulation in tumor development, progression, metastasis, recurrence and in our understanding of head and neck SCC with significant implications for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment. To date there have been limited studies concerning the role of CD133 in OSCC. Determine clinical significance of CD133 in the studied OSCC cases. Evaluate immunohistochemically the expression of CD133 in different histopathological grades of OSCC. The study was retrospectively carried out upon fifty archival paraffin embedded OSCC tissues these retrieved blocks were employed to prepare paraffin section for H&E stain and for immunohistochemical stain with CD 133 according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The extent of immunostain was assessed according to the percentage of stained cells in 3 random areas/section (hot spots) examined in ×200 magnification. Statistical analysis demonstrated that significant difference was observed between CD133 expression and tumor stages, tumor size and histopathological grades. But no correlation was found with age, sex, site, shape, site of lymph node, distant metastasis and recurrence in relation to CD133 expression. Tongue is the most frequent site and clinically most cases presented as ulcer in OSCC.The expression of CD133 was directly proportional to the degree of differentiation of the studied OSCC cases as it is increased from well to moderately and finally poorly differentiated OSCC, which suggests the possible involvement of CD133 in oral carcinogenesis.The overexpression of CD133 in relation with stages and also in poorly differentiated tumors revealed positive correlation with invasion and differentiation status of OSCC. Over expression of CD133 might also be helpful to select patients suitable for adjuvant therapy. The mixed membranous and cytoplasmic expression pattern of CD133 in the studied OSCC cases was more likely to predict a bad prognosis.